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authorChet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu>2016-08-29 10:44:57 -0400
committerChet Ramey <chet.ramey@case.edu>2016-08-29 10:44:57 -0400
commit79eedac429c5112ae65a430674de5e4be1cd5444 (patch)
tree0abf9df45db26bfb31f501a93d07aa05253e7d9d
parentff0adf8a0a5189d254fdce3e22b3cd645d92cb58 (diff)
downloadbash-79eedac429c5112ae65a430674de5e4be1cd5444.tar.gz
commit bash-20160826 snapshot
-rw-r--r--CHANGES91
-rw-r--r--CHANGES-4.492
-rw-r--r--CWRU/CWRU.chlog48
-rw-r--r--NEWS19
-rw-r--r--NEWS-4.442
-rw-r--r--braces.c51
-rw-r--r--builtins/declare.def2
-rwxr-xr-xconfigure27
-rw-r--r--configure.ac9
-rw-r--r--doc/bash.03105
-rw-r--r--doc/bash.18
-rw-r--r--doc/bash.html11
-rw-r--r--doc/bash.info279
-rw-r--r--doc/bash.pdfbin362250 -> 362697 bytes
-rw-r--r--doc/bash.ps1366
-rw-r--r--doc/bashref.aux2
-rw-r--r--doc/bashref.cp2
-rw-r--r--doc/bashref.cps2
-rw-r--r--doc/bashref.dvibin743852 -> 744160 bytes
-rw-r--r--doc/bashref.html13
-rw-r--r--doc/bashref.info279
-rw-r--r--doc/bashref.log6
-rw-r--r--doc/bashref.pdfbin733442 -> 733716 bytes
-rw-r--r--doc/bashref.ps1227
-rw-r--r--doc/bashref.texi4
-rw-r--r--doc/bashref.toc2
-rw-r--r--doc/builtins.ps2
-rw-r--r--doc/rbash.ps2
-rw-r--r--doc/version.texi4
-rw-r--r--execute_cmd.c6
-rw-r--r--jobs.c9
-rw-r--r--lib/readline/input.c8
-rw-r--r--lib/readline/signals.c8
-rw-r--r--lib/sh/mktime.c21
-rw-r--r--subst.c47
-rwxr-xr-xtests/RUN-ONE-TEST2
-rw-r--r--tests/getopts5.sub1
-rw-r--r--xmalloc.c6
38 files changed, 3526 insertions, 3277 deletions
diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
index 0a565b4..9cb9261 100644
--- a/CHANGES
+++ b/CHANGES
@@ -11,26 +11,26 @@ b. Fixed execution context so `until continue' doesn't disable execution for
c. Fixed trap handling code so traps don't inherit a command's temporary
environment.
-d. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect line numbers when a function is defined
- as part of another function's execution.
+d. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect line numbers when a function is
+ defined as part of another function's execution.
-e. Fixed a bug in the expansion of ${a[@]} in contexts where word splitting is not
- performed and $IFS is not the default.
+e. Fixed a bug in the expansion of ${a[@]} in contexts where word splitting
+ is not performed and $IFS is not the default.
-f. Fixed a bug that caused ''"$@" to not expand to an empty argument when there are
- no positional parameters.
+f. Fixed a bug that caused ''"$@" to not expand to an empty argument when
+ there are no positional parameters.
-g. Fixed a bug that caused a shell compiled without job control to use the incorrect
- exit status for builtin commands preceded by a command executed from the file
- system that causes the shell to call waitpid().
+g. Fixed a bug that caused a shell compiled without job control to use the
+ incorrect exit status for builtin commands preceded by a command executed
+ from the file system that causes the shell to call waitpid().
h. Improved word completion for quoted strings containing unterminated command
substitutions with embedded double quotes.
2. Changes to Readline
-a. Fixed a bug that caused mode strings to be displayed incorrectly if the prompt was
- shorter than the mode string.
+a. Fixed a bug that caused mode strings to be displayed incorrectly if the
+ prompt was shorter than the mode string.
3. New Features in Bash
@@ -42,10 +42,11 @@ a. Using ${a[@]} or ${a[*]} with an array without any assigned elements when
a. New application-callable function: rl_pending_signal(): returns the signal
number of any signal readline has caught but not yet handled.
-b. New application-settable variable: rl_persistent_signal_handlers: if set to a
- non-zero value, readline will enable the readline-6.2 signal handler behavior
- in callback mode: handlers are installed when rl_callback_handler_install is
- called and removed removed when a complete line has been read.
+b. New application-settable variable: rl_persistent_signal_handlers: if set
+ to a non-zero value, readline will enable the readline-6.2 signal handler
+ behavior in callback mode: handlers are installed when
+ rl_callback_handler_install is called and removed removed when a complete
+ line has been read.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta2, and
@@ -188,8 +189,8 @@ b. Fixed a bug that caused the mapfile builtin to not create array variables
c. Fixed a bug that caused prompt expansion to loop when PS1 contained a
syntax error.
-d. Fixed a bug that caused the ${array[@]@A} expansion to split the results even
- when double-quoted.
+d. Fixed a bug that caused the ${array[@]@A} expansion to split the results
+ even when double-quoted.
e. There is a new implementation of the code that saves the last CHILD_MAX
exited background pids so their status can be queried later.
@@ -198,8 +199,8 @@ f. Bash-4.4 can now be configured and built on very old versions of Solaris 2.
g. Fixed problems with --help support for several builtins.
-h. Fixed values added to BASH_SOURCE and BASH_LINENO for functions inherited from
- the environment.
+h. Fixed values added to BASH_SOURCE and BASH_LINENO for functions inherited
+ from the environment.
i. Fixed a bug that caused background processes run from non-interactive shells
with job control enabled to place the terminal in the wrong process group
@@ -208,8 +209,8 @@ i. Fixed a bug that caused background processes run from non-interactive shells
j. Fixed a bug that caused `fc' to return an incorrect exit status when
executing commands from the history list.
-k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when a process substitution received
- a SIGINT when run in certain terminal emulators.
+k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when a process substitution
+ received a SIGINT when run in certain terminal emulators.
l. EXECIGNORE now honors the setting of `extglob' when attempting to match
executable names.
@@ -226,11 +227,11 @@ o. Fixed a bug that caused set -e to be honored in cases of builtins invoking
p. Fixed a bug that caused `readonly' and `export' to create local array
variables when used within shell functions.
-q. Fixed a bug that allowed subshells begun to execute process substitutions to
- have access to the command's temporary environment.
+q. Fixed a bug that allowed subshells begun to execute process substitutions
+ to have access to the command's temporary environment.
-r. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dump core when receiving a SIGCHLD
- for which a trap has been set while running in posix mode.
+r. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dump core when receiving a
+ SIGCHLD for which a trap has been set while running in posix mode.
s. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not restore BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE,
BASH_LINENO, and FUNCNAME if the shell received a SIGINT while reading
@@ -255,11 +256,12 @@ x. Fixed a bug that caused process and command substitution to inherit output
y. Fixed a bug that caused a terminating signal received during `echo' to run
an exit trap in a signal handler context.
-z. Fixed a bug that caused a builtin command containing a process substitution to
- return the wrong exit status.
+z. Fixed a bug that caused a builtin command containing a process substitution
+ to return the wrong exit status.
-aa. Fixed a bug that caused `()' subshells with piped input to incorrectly redirect
- the standard input of some of the commands in the subshell from /dev/null.
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused `()' subshells with piped input to incorrectly
+ redirect the standard input of some of the commands in the subshell from
+ /dev/null.
bb. The history builtin now uses more descriptive error messages for missing or
invalid timestamps.
@@ -269,7 +271,8 @@ bb. The history builtin now uses more descriptive error messages for missing or
a. The history file writing functions only attempt to create and use a backup
history file if the history file exists and is a regular file.
-b. Fixed an out-of-bounds read in readline's internal tilde expansion interface.
+b. Fixed an out-of-bounds read in readline's internal tilde expansion
+ interface.
c. Fixed several redisplay bugs with prompt strings containing multibyte
and non-visible characters whose physical length is longer than the screen
@@ -297,32 +300,34 @@ b. inherit_errexit: a new `shopt' option that, when set, causes command
c. New prompt string: PS0. Expanded and displayed by interactive shells after
reading a complete command but before executing it.
-d. Interactive shells now behave as if SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/SIGTTOU are set to SIG_DFL
- when the shell is started, so they are set to SIG_DFL in child processes.
+d. Interactive shells now behave as if SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/SIGTTOU are set to
+ SIG_DFL when the shell is started, so they are set to SIG_DFL in child
+ processes.
e. Posix-mode shells now allow double quotes to quote the history expansion
character.
f. OLDPWD can be inherited from the environment if it names a directory.
-g. Shells running as root no longer inherit PS4 from the environment, closing a
- security hole involving PS4 expansion performing command substitution.
+g. Shells running as root no longer inherit PS4 from the environment, closing
+ a security hole involving PS4 expansion performing command substitution.
-h. If executing an implicit `cd' when the `autocd' option is set, bash will now
- invoke a function named `cd' if one exists before executing the `cd' builtin.
+h. If executing an implicit `cd' when the `autocd' option is set, bash will
+ now invoke a function named `cd' if one exists before executing the `cd'
+ builtin.
4. New Features in Readline
-a. If an incremental search string has its last character removed with DEL, the
- resulting empty search string no longer matches the previous line.
+a. If an incremental search string has its last character removed with DEL,
+ the resulting empty search string no longer matches the previous line.
b. If readline reads a history file that begins with `#' (or the value of
- the history comment character) and has enabled history timestamps, the history
- entries are assumed to be delimited by timestamps. This allows multi-line
- history entries.
+ the history comment character) and has enabled history timestamps, the
+ history entries are assumed to be delimited by timestamps. This allows
+ multi-line history entries.
-c. Readline now throws an error if it parses a key binding without a terminating
- `:' or whitespace.
+c. Readline now throws an error if it parses a key binding without a
+ terminating `:' or whitespace.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta, and
diff --git a/CHANGES-4.4 b/CHANGES-4.4
index 2349a42..488824f 100644
--- a/CHANGES-4.4
+++ b/CHANGES-4.4
@@ -11,26 +11,26 @@ b. Fixed execution context so `until continue' doesn't disable execution for
c. Fixed trap handling code so traps don't inherit a command's temporary
environment.
-d. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect line numbers when a function is defined
- as part of another function's execution.
+d. Fixed a bug that resulted in incorrect line numbers when a function is
+ defined as part of another function's execution.
-e. Fixed a bug in the expansion of ${a[@]} in contexts where word splitting is not
- performed and $IFS is not the default.
+e. Fixed a bug in the expansion of ${a[@]} in contexts where word splitting
+ is not performed and $IFS is not the default.
-f. Fixed a bug that caused ''"$@" to not expand to an empty argument when there are
- no positional parameters.
+f. Fixed a bug that caused ''"$@" to not expand to an empty argument when
+ there are no positional parameters.
-g. Fixed a bug that caused a shell compiled without job control to use the incorrect
- exit status for builtin commands preceded by a command executed from the file
- system that causes the shell to call waitpid().
+g. Fixed a bug that caused a shell compiled without job control to use the
+ incorrect exit status for builtin commands preceded by a command executed
+ from the file system that causes the shell to call waitpid().
h. Improved word completion for quoted strings containing unterminated command
substitutions with embedded double quotes.
2. Changes to Readline
-a. Fixed a bug that caused mode strings to be displayed incorrectly if the prompt was
- shorter than the mode string.
+a. Fixed a bug that caused mode strings to be displayed incorrectly if the
+ prompt was shorter than the mode string.
3. New Features in Bash
@@ -42,10 +42,11 @@ a. Using ${a[@]} or ${a[*]} with an array without any assigned elements when
a. New application-callable function: rl_pending_signal(): returns the signal
number of any signal readline has caught but not yet handled.
-b. New application-settable variable: rl_persistent_signal_handlers: if set to a
- non-zero value, readline will enable the readline-6.2 signal handler behavior
- in callback mode: handlers are installed when rl_callback_handler_install is
- called and removed removed when a complete line has been read.
+b. New application-settable variable: rl_persistent_signal_handlers: if set
+ to a non-zero value, readline will enable the readline-6.2 signal handler
+ behavior in callback mode: handlers are installed when
+ rl_callback_handler_install is called and removed removed when a complete
+ line has been read.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta2, and
@@ -188,8 +189,8 @@ b. Fixed a bug that caused the mapfile builtin to not create array variables
c. Fixed a bug that caused prompt expansion to loop when PS1 contained a
syntax error.
-d. Fixed a bug that caused the ${array[@]@A} expansion to split the results even
- when double-quoted.
+d. Fixed a bug that caused the ${array[@]@A} expansion to split the results
+ even when double-quoted.
e. There is a new implementation of the code that saves the last CHILD_MAX
exited background pids so their status can be queried later.
@@ -198,8 +199,8 @@ f. Bash-4.4 can now be configured and built on very old versions of Solaris 2.
g. Fixed problems with --help support for several builtins.
-h. Fixed values added to BASH_SOURCE and BASH_LINENO for functions inherited from
- the environment.
+h. Fixed values added to BASH_SOURCE and BASH_LINENO for functions inherited
+ from the environment.
i. Fixed a bug that caused background processes run from non-interactive shells
with job control enabled to place the terminal in the wrong process group
@@ -208,8 +209,8 @@ i. Fixed a bug that caused background processes run from non-interactive shells
j. Fixed a bug that caused `fc' to return an incorrect exit status when
executing commands from the history list.
-k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when a process substitution received
- a SIGINT when run in certain terminal emulators.
+k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when a process substitution
+ received a SIGINT when run in certain terminal emulators.
l. EXECIGNORE now honors the setting of `extglob' when attempting to match
executable names.
@@ -226,11 +227,11 @@ o. Fixed a bug that caused set -e to be honored in cases of builtins invoking
p. Fixed a bug that caused `readonly' and `export' to create local array
variables when used within shell functions.
-q. Fixed a bug that allowed subshells begun to execute process substitutions to
- have access to the command's temporary environment.
+q. Fixed a bug that allowed subshells begun to execute process substitutions
+ to have access to the command's temporary environment.
-r. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dump core when receiving a SIGCHLD
- for which a trap has been set while running in posix mode.
+r. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to dump core when receiving a
+ SIGCHLD for which a trap has been set while running in posix mode.
s. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not restore BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE,
BASH_LINENO, and FUNCNAME if the shell received a SIGINT while reading
@@ -255,11 +256,12 @@ x. Fixed a bug that caused process and command substitution to inherit output
y. Fixed a bug that caused a terminating signal received during `echo' to run
an exit trap in a signal handler context.
-z. Fixed a bug that caused a builtin command containing a process substitution to
- return the wrong exit status.
+z. Fixed a bug that caused a builtin command containing a process substitution
+ to return the wrong exit status.
-aa. Fixed a bug that caused `()' subshells with piped input to incorrectly redirect
- the standard input of some of the commands in the subshell from /dev/null.
+aa. Fixed a bug that caused `()' subshells with piped input to incorrectly
+ redirect the standard input of some of the commands in the subshell from
+ /dev/null.
bb. The history builtin now uses more descriptive error messages for missing or
invalid timestamps.
@@ -269,7 +271,8 @@ bb. The history builtin now uses more descriptive error messages for missing or
a. The history file writing functions only attempt to create and use a backup
history file if the history file exists and is a regular file.
-b. Fixed an out-of-bounds read in readline's internal tilde expansion interface.
+b. Fixed an out-of-bounds read in readline's internal tilde expansion
+ interface.
c. Fixed several redisplay bugs with prompt strings containing multibyte
and non-visible characters whose physical length is longer than the screen
@@ -297,32 +300,34 @@ b. inherit_errexit: a new `shopt' option that, when set, causes command
c. New prompt string: PS0. Expanded and displayed by interactive shells after
reading a complete command but before executing it.
-d. Interactive shells now behave as if SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/SIGTTOU are set to SIG_DFL
- when the shell is started, so they are set to SIG_DFL in child processes.
+d. Interactive shells now behave as if SIGTSTP/SIGTTIN/SIGTTOU are set to
+ SIG_DFL when the shell is started, so they are set to SIG_DFL in child
+ processes.
e. Posix-mode shells now allow double quotes to quote the history expansion
character.
f. OLDPWD can be inherited from the environment if it names a directory.
-g. Shells running as root no longer inherit PS4 from the environment, closing a
- security hole involving PS4 expansion performing command substitution.
+g. Shells running as root no longer inherit PS4 from the environment, closing
+ a security hole involving PS4 expansion performing command substitution.
-h. If executing an implicit `cd' when the `autocd' option is set, bash will now
- invoke a function named `cd' if one exists before executing the `cd' builtin.
+h. If executing an implicit `cd' when the `autocd' option is set, bash will
+ now invoke a function named `cd' if one exists before executing the `cd'
+ builtin.
4. New Features in Readline
-a. If an incremental search string has its last character removed with DEL, the
- resulting empty search string no longer matches the previous line.
+a. If an incremental search string has its last character removed with DEL,
+ the resulting empty search string no longer matches the previous line.
b. If readline reads a history file that begins with `#' (or the value of
- the history comment character) and has enabled history timestamps, the history
- entries are assumed to be delimited by timestamps. This allows multi-line
- history entries.
+ the history comment character) and has enabled history timestamps, the
+ history entries are assumed to be delimited by timestamps. This allows
+ multi-line history entries.
-c. Readline now throws an error if it parses a key binding without a terminating
- `:' or whitespace.
+c. Readline now throws an error if it parses a key binding without a
+ terminating `:' or whitespace.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.4-beta, and
@@ -999,3 +1004,4 @@ h. The insert-char function attempts to batch-insert all pending typeahead
i. rl_callback_sigcleanup: a new application function that can clean up and
unset any state set by readline's callback mode. Intended to be used
after a signal.
+
diff --git a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog
index 6cd9274..08c577f 100644
--- a/CWRU/CWRU.chlog
+++ b/CWRU/CWRU.chlog
@@ -11601,3 +11601,51 @@ lib/sh/netopen.c
doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- change conditional commands description to make it clearer that
bash doesn't emulate /dev/fd if the OS provides it
+
+ 8/22
+ ----
+braces.c
+ - expand_amble: free partial and tem on failure to allocate memory
+ for merged partial+result strvec. Fix from Dmitry Goncharov
+ <dgoncharov@users.sf.net>
+
+ 8/23
+ ----
+jobs.c
+ - wait_for: don't call get_tty_state when a job finishes if we're
+ running it as part of programmable completion. We test
+ rl_readline_state. Fixes bug reported by Jaro Punta
+ <silly8888@gmail.com>
+
+ 8/24
+ ----
+subst.c
+ - pat_subst: fix memory leak (mstr). Fix from Dmitry Goncharov
+ <dgoncharov@users.sf.net>
+ - split_at_delims: fix memory leak (d2). Fix from Dmitry Goncharov
+ <dgoncharov@users.sf.net>
+
+ 8/26
+ ----
+subst.c
+ - match_upattern,match_wpattern: make sure that a trailing `*' is
+ not escaped (preceded by an odd number of backslashes) before we
+ append a `*' when checking whether a pattern matches anywhere in
+ the string
+
+lib/readline/{input,signals}.c
+ - protect instances of SIGQUIT with #ifdef SIGQUIT; apparently
+ MinGW doesn't define it
+ - protect instances of SIGHUP with #ifdef SIGHUP; apparently
+ MinGW doesn't define it. From a report from Simon Sobisch
+ <simonsobisch@gnu.org>
+
+xmalloc.o
+ - allocerr: only try to find the break and report it if we're using
+ the bash malloc; there's no guarantee that any other malloc is
+ using sbrk()
+
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - quote removal: add paragraph mentioning quote removal to beginning
+ of expansions section, referencing later paragraph. Report from
+ Michel Lanne <michel.lanne@gmail.com>
diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
index 138f1d7..931dc84 100644
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -186,12 +186,12 @@ j. If an incremental search string has its last character removed with DEL, the
resulting empty search string no longer matches the previous line.
k. If readline reads a history file that begins with `#' (or the value of
- the history comment character) and has enabled history timestamps, the history
- entries are assumed to be delimited by timestamps. This allows multi-line
- history entries.
+ the history comment character) and has enabled history timestamps, the
+ history entries are assumed to be delimited by timestamps. This allows
+ multi-line history entries.
-l. Readline now throws an error if it parses a key binding without a terminating
- `:' or whitespace.
+l. Readline now throws an error if it parses a key binding without a
+ terminating `:' or whitespace.
m. The default binding for ^W in vi mode now uses word boundaries specified
by Posix (vi-unix-word-rubout is bindable command name).
@@ -212,6 +212,15 @@ q. Fixed a bug with displaying completions when the prefix display length
r. The :p history modifier now applies to the entire line, so any expansion
specifying :p causes the line to be printed instead of expanded.
+s. New application-callable function: rl_pending_signal(): returns the signal
+ number of any signal readline has caught but not yet handled.
+
+t. New application-settable variable: rl_persistent_signal_handlers: if set
+ to a non-zero value, readline will enable the readline-6.2 signal handler
+ behavior in callback mode: handlers are installed when
+ rl_callback_handler_install is called and removed removed when a complete
+ line has been read.
+
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is a terse description of the new features added to bash-4.3 since
the release of bash-4.2. As always, the manual page (doc/bash.1) is
diff --git a/NEWS-4.4 b/NEWS-4.4
index f0f9590..65ce53b 100644
--- a/NEWS-4.4
+++ b/NEWS-4.4
@@ -178,17 +178,37 @@ j. If an incremental search string has its last character removed with DEL, the
resulting empty search string no longer matches the previous line.
k. If readline reads a history file that begins with `#' (or the value of
- the history comment character) and has enabled history timestamps, the history
- entries are assumed to be delimited by timestamps. This allows multi-line
- history entries.
+ the history comment character) and has enabled history timestamps, the
+ history entries are assumed to be delimited by timestamps. This allows
+ multi-line history entries.
-l. Readline now throws an error if it parses a key binding without a terminating
- `:' or whitespace.
+l. Readline now throws an error if it parses a key binding without a
+ terminating `:' or whitespace.
-m. New application-callable function: rl_pending_signal(): returns the signal
+m. The default binding for ^W in vi mode now uses word boundaries specified
+ by Posix (vi-unix-word-rubout is bindable command name).
+
+n. rl_clear_visible_line: new application-callable function; clears all
+ screen lines occupied by the current visible readline line.
+
+o. rl_tty_set_echoing: application-callable function that controls whether
+ or not readline thinks it is echoing terminal output.
+
+p. Handle >| and strings of digits preceding and following redirection
+ specifications as single tokens when tokenizing the line for history
+ expansion.
+
+q. Fixed a bug with displaying completions when the prefix display length
+ is greater than the length of the completions to be displayed.
+
+r. The :p history modifier now applies to the entire line, so any expansion
+ specifying :p causes the line to be printed instead of expanded.
+
+s. New application-callable function: rl_pending_signal(): returns the signal
number of any signal readline has caught but not yet handled.
-
-n. New application-settable variable: rl_persistent_signal_handlers: if set to a
- non-zero value, readline will enable the readline-6.2 signal handler behavior
- in callback mode: handlers are installed when rl_callback_handler_install is
- called and removed removed when a complete line has been read.
+
+t. New application-settable variable: rl_persistent_signal_handlers: if set
+ to a non-zero value, readline will enable the readline-6.2 signal handler
+ behavior in callback mode: handlers are installed when
+ rl_callback_handler_install is called and removed removed when a complete
+ line has been read.
diff --git a/braces.c b/braces.c
index 90773c8..7f31dd5 100644
--- a/braces.c
+++ b/braces.c
@@ -38,6 +38,12 @@
#if defined (SHELL)
# include "shell.h"
+#else
+# if defined (TEST)
+typedef char *WORD_DESC;
+typedef char **WORD_LIST;
+#define _(X) X
+# endif /* TEST */
#endif /* SHELL */
#include "typemax.h" /* INTMAX_MIN, INTMAX_MAX */
@@ -287,7 +293,9 @@ expand_amble (text, tlen, flags)
char *tem;
int start, i, c;
+#if defined (SHELL)
DECLARE_MBSTATE;
+#endif
result = (char **)NULL;
@@ -301,7 +309,7 @@ expand_amble (text, tlen, flags)
#else
tem = (char *)xmalloc (1 + (i - start));
strncpy (tem, &text[start], (i - start));
- tem[i- start] = '\0';
+ tem[i - start] = '\0';
#endif
partial = brace_expand (tem);
@@ -319,6 +327,8 @@ expand_amble (text, tlen, flags)
if (tresult == 0)
{
internal_error (_("brace expansion: cannot allocate memory for %s"), tem);
+ free (tem);
+ strvec_dispose (partial);
strvec_dispose (result);
result = (char **)NULL;
return result;
@@ -333,7 +343,11 @@ expand_amble (text, tlen, flags)
free (partial);
}
free (tem);
+#if defined (SHELL)
ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, i);
+#else
+ i++;
+#endif
start = i;
}
return (result);
@@ -623,7 +637,11 @@ brace_gobbler (text, tlen, indx, satisfy)
if (pass_next)
{
pass_next = 0;
+#if defined (SHELL)
ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, i);
+#else
+ i++;
+#endif
continue;
}
@@ -657,7 +675,11 @@ brace_gobbler (text, tlen, indx, satisfy)
if (quoted == '"' && c == '$' && text[i+1] == '(') /*)*/
goto comsub;
#endif
+#if defined (SHELL)
ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, i);
+#else
+ i++;
+#endif
continue;
}
@@ -710,7 +732,11 @@ comsub:
commas++;
#endif
+#if defined (SHELL)
ADVANCE_CHAR (text, tlen, i);
+#else
+ i++;
+#endif
}
*indx = i;
@@ -789,20 +815,29 @@ array_concat (arr1, arr2)
#if defined (TEST)
#include <stdio.h>
-fatal_error (format, arg1, arg2)
- char *format, *arg1, *arg2;
+void *
+xmalloc(n)
+ size_t n;
{
- report_error (format, arg1, arg2);
- exit (1);
+ return (malloc (n));
}
-report_error (format, arg1, arg2)
+void *
+xrealloc(p, n)
+ void *p;
+ size_t n;
+{
+ return (realloc (p, n));
+}
+
+int
+internal_error (format, arg1, arg2)
char *format, *arg1, *arg2;
{
fprintf (stderr, format, arg1, arg2);
fprintf (stderr, "\n");
}
-
+
main ()
{
char example[256];
@@ -826,7 +861,7 @@ main ()
for (i = 0; result[i]; i++)
printf ("%s\n", result[i]);
- free_array (result);
+ strvec_dispose (result);
}
}
diff --git a/builtins/declare.def b/builtins/declare.def
index 5f92f9f..f4819b4 100644
--- a/builtins/declare.def
+++ b/builtins/declare.def
@@ -357,8 +357,8 @@ declare_internal (list, local_var)
#endif
}
-#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
restart_new_var_name:
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
var_exists = array_exists = creating_array = 0;
compound_array_assign = simple_array_assign = 0;
array_subscript_assignment = 0;
diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 1a8ac3d..dec48fc 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
#! /bin/sh
-# From configure.ac for Bash 4.4, version 4.080.
+# From configure.ac for Bash 4.4, version 4.081.
# Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
-# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 for bash 4.4-rc2.
+# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69 for bash 4.4-releng.
#
# Report bugs to <bug-bash@gnu.org>.
#
@@ -581,8 +581,8 @@ MAKEFLAGS=
# Identity of this package.
PACKAGE_NAME='bash'
PACKAGE_TARNAME='bash'
-PACKAGE_VERSION='4.4-rc2'
-PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.4-rc2'
+PACKAGE_VERSION='4.4-releng'
+PACKAGE_STRING='bash 4.4-releng'
PACKAGE_BUGREPORT='bug-bash@gnu.org'
PACKAGE_URL=''
@@ -1393,7 +1393,7 @@ if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then
# Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing.
# This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh.
cat <<_ACEOF
-\`configure' configures bash 4.4-rc2 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
+\`configure' configures bash 4.4-releng to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
@@ -1458,7 +1458,7 @@ fi
if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then
case $ac_init_help in
- short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.4-rc2:";;
+ short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of bash 4.4-releng:";;
esac
cat <<\_ACEOF
@@ -1651,7 +1651,7 @@ fi
test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status
if $ac_init_version; then
cat <<\_ACEOF
-bash configure 4.4-rc2
+bash configure 4.4-releng
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69
Copyright (C) 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -2360,7 +2360,7 @@ cat >config.log <<_ACEOF
This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.
-It was created by bash $as_me 4.4-rc2, which was
+It was created by bash $as_me 4.4-releng, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69. Invocation command line was
$ $0 $@
@@ -2754,10 +2754,10 @@ ac_config_headers="$ac_config_headers config.h"
BASHVERS=4.4
-RELSTATUS=rc2
+RELSTATUS=releng
case "$RELSTATUS" in
-alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;;
+alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|releng*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;;
*) DEBUG= MALLOC_DEBUG= ;;
esac
@@ -4916,7 +4916,8 @@ CFLAGS=${CFLAGS-"$AUTO_CFLAGS"}
# LDFLAGS=${LDFLAGS="$AUTO_LDFLAGS"} # XXX
# turn off paren warnings in gcc
-if test "$GCC" = yes && test -n "$DEBUG"; then
+if test "$GCC" = yes # && test -n "$DEBUG"
+then
CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wno-parentheses -Wno-format-security"
fi
@@ -16704,7 +16705,7 @@ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
# report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their
# values after options handling.
ac_log="
-This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.4-rc2, which was
+This file was extended by bash $as_me 4.4-releng, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69. Invocation command line was
CONFIG_FILES = $CONFIG_FILES
@@ -16770,7 +16771,7 @@ _ACEOF
cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
ac_cs_config="`$as_echo "$ac_configure_args" | sed 's/^ //; s/[\\""\`\$]/\\\\&/g'`"
ac_cs_version="\\
-bash config.status 4.4-rc2
+bash config.status 4.4-releng
configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69,
with options \\"\$ac_cs_config\\"
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 83c7fca..dd7bd52 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.4, version 4.080])dnl
+AC_REVISION([for Bash 4.4, version 4.081])dnl
define(bashvers, 4.4)
-define(relstatus, rc2)
+define(relstatus, releng)
AC_INIT([bash], bashvers-relstatus, [bug-bash@gnu.org])
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ RELSTATUS=relstatus
dnl defaults for debug settings
case "$RELSTATUS" in
-alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;;
+alp*|bet*|dev*|rc*|releng*|maint*) DEBUG='-DDEBUG' MALLOC_DEBUG='-DMALLOC_DEBUG' ;;
*) DEBUG= MALLOC_DEBUG= ;;
esac
@@ -462,7 +462,8 @@ CFLAGS=${CFLAGS-"$AUTO_CFLAGS"}
# LDFLAGS=${LDFLAGS="$AUTO_LDFLAGS"} # XXX
# turn off paren warnings in gcc
-if test "$GCC" = yes && test -n "$DEBUG"; then
+if test "$GCC" = yes # && test -n "$DEBUG"
+then
CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -Wno-parentheses -Wno-format-security"
fi
diff --git a/doc/bash.0 b/doc/bash.0
index 38b70e4..94e766b 100644
--- a/doc/bash.0
+++ b/doc/bash.0
@@ -2362,17 +2362,20 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS
Conditional expressions are used by the [[[[ compound command and the
tteesstt and [[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following
- unary or binary primaries. If any _f_i_l_e argument to one of the pri-
- maries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file descriptor _n is checked. If
- the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n,
- _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
- is checked.
+ unary or binary primaries. BBaasshh handles several filenames specially
+ when they are used in expressions. If the operating system on which
+ bbaasshh is running provides these special files, bash will use them; oth-
+ erwise it will emulate them internally with this behavior: If any _f_i_l_e
+ argument to one of the primaries is of the form _/_d_e_v_/_f_d_/_n, then file
+ descriptor _n is checked. If the _f_i_l_e argument to one of the primaries
+ is one of _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_i_n, _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_o_u_t, or _/_d_e_v_/_s_t_d_e_r_r, file descriptor 0,
+ 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym-
bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link
itself.
- When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using
+ When used with [[[[, the << and >> operators sort lexicographically using
the current locale. The tteesstt command sorts using ASCII ordering.
--aa _f_i_l_e
@@ -2411,30 +2414,30 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS
--LL _f_i_l_e
True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a symbolic link.
--NN _f_i_l_e
- True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last
+ True if _f_i_l_e exists and has been modified since it was last
read.
--OO _f_i_l_e
True if _f_i_l_e exists and is owned by the effective user id.
--SS _f_i_l_e
True if _f_i_l_e exists and is a socket.
_f_i_l_e_1 --eeff _f_i_l_e_2
- True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num-
+ True if _f_i_l_e_1 and _f_i_l_e_2 refer to the same device and inode num-
bers.
_f_i_l_e_1 -nntt _f_i_l_e_2
- True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than
+ True if _f_i_l_e_1 is newer (according to modification date) than
_f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_1 exists and _f_i_l_e_2 does not.
_f_i_l_e_1 -oott _f_i_l_e_2
- True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1
+ True if _f_i_l_e_1 is older than _f_i_l_e_2, or if _f_i_l_e_2 exists and _f_i_l_e_1
does not.
--oo _o_p_t_n_a_m_e
- True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of
- options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett
+ True if the shell option _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is enabled. See the list of
+ options under the description of the --oo option to the sseett
builtin below.
--vv _v_a_r_n_a_m_e
- True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a
+ True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set (has been assigned a
value).
--RR _v_a_r_n_a_m_e
- True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer-
+ True if the shell variable _v_a_r_n_a_m_e is set and is a name refer-
ence.
--zz _s_t_r_i_n_g
True if the length of _s_t_r_i_n_g is zero.
@@ -2444,8 +2447,8 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS
_s_t_r_i_n_g_1 ==== _s_t_r_i_n_g_2
_s_t_r_i_n_g_1 == _s_t_r_i_n_g_2
- True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt
- command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command,
+ True if the strings are equal. == should be used with the tteesstt
+ command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [[[[ command,
this performs pattern matching as described above (CCoommppoouunndd CCoomm--
mmaannddss).
@@ -2459,106 +2462,106 @@ CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS
True if _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 sorts after _s_t_r_i_n_g_2 lexicographically.
_a_r_g_1 OOPP _a_r_g_2
- OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic
- binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to,
- less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
- or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive
+ OOPP is one of --eeqq, --nnee, --lltt, --llee, --ggtt, or --ggee. These arithmetic
+ binary operators return true if _a_r_g_1 is equal to, not equal to,
+ less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
+ or equal to _a_r_g_2, respectively. _A_r_g_1 and _a_r_g_2 may be positive
or negative integers.
SSIIMMPPLLEE CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN
- When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
+ When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right.
- 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
- (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
+ 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
+ (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
for later processing.
- 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
- expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
- is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
+ 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
+ expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
+ is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
are the arguments.
3. Redirections are performed as described above under RREEDDIIRREECCTTIIOONN.
4. The text after the == in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
- expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
+ expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
able.
If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
- shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ-
- ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi-
- ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a
- readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-
+ shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ-
+ ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi-
+ ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a
+ readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-
zero status.
- If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
- affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
+ If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
+ affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
command to exit with a non-zero status.
- If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
- described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
- sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
- is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
+ If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
+ described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
+ sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
+ is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of
zero.
CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN
- After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
- command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
+ After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
+ command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
taken.
- If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
- it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
- invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a
- function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
+ If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
+ it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
+ invoked as described above in FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS. If the name does not match a
+ function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
a match is found, that builtin is invoked.
- If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
- slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con-
- taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to
- remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL
- BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is
- performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the
+ If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
+ slashes, bbaasshh searches each element of the PPAATTHH for a directory con-
+ taining an executable file by that name. BBaasshh uses a hash table to
+ remember the full pathnames of executable files (see hhaasshh under SSHHEELLLL
+ BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). A full search of the directories in PPAATTHH is
+ performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the
search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function
named ccoommmmaanndd__nnoott__ffoouunndd__hhaannddllee. If that function exists, it is invoked
- with the original command and the original command's arguments as its
- arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of
- the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error
+ with the original command and the original command's arguments as its
+ arguments, and the function's exit status becomes the exit status of
+ the shell. If that function is not defined, the shell prints an error
message and returns an exit status of 127.
- If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
+ If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu-
tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain-
ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any.
- If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
- and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a
- file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it.
- This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new
- shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that
- the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below
+ If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
+ and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _s_h_e_l_l _s_c_r_i_p_t, a
+ file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it.
+ This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new
+ shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that
+ the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see hhaasshh below
under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS) are retained by the child.
- If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first
- line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
+ If the program is a file beginning with ##!!, the remainder of the first
+ line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe-
cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of
- a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
- line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
+ a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
+ line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
the command arguments, if any.
CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
- The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow-
+ The shell has an _e_x_e_c_u_t_i_o_n _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t, which consists of the follow-
ing:
- +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
+ +o open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
redirections supplied to the eexxeecc builtin
- +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or
+ +o the current working directory as set by ccdd, ppuusshhdd, or ppooppdd, or
inherited by the shell at invocation
- +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from
+ +o the file creation mode mask as set by uummaasskk or inherited from
the shell's parent
+o current traps set by ttrraapp
@@ -2566,244 +2569,244 @@ CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENN
+o shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with sseett
or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
- +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
+ +o shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
shell's parent in the environment
- +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
+ +o options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
mand-line arguments) or by sseett
+o options enabled by sshhoopptt
+o shell aliases defined with aalliiaass
- +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
+ +o various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
value of $$$$, and the value of PPPPIIDD
- When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
- executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
- sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
+ When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
+ executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
+ sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
ited from the shell.
- +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
+ +o the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
specified by redirections to the command
+o the current working directory
+o the file creation mode mask
- +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
+ +o shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
variables exported for the command, passed in the environment
+o traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from
the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
- A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
+ A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
shell's execution environment.
- Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
+ Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate
- of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are
+ of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are
reset to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca-
tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also
executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi-
ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
- the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x mode, bbaasshh
+ the --ee option from the parent shell. When not in _p_o_s_i_x mode, bbaasshh
clears the --ee option in such subshells.
- If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the
- default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l.
- Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the
+ If a command is followed by a && and job control is not active, the
+ default standard input for the command is the empty file _/_d_e_v_/_n_u_l_l.
+ Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the
calling shell as modified by redirections.
EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
- When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
+ When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
_e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t. This is a list of _n_a_m_e-_v_a_l_u_e pairs, of the form
_n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e.
- The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On
+ The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On
invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter
- for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro-
- cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and
- ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
+ for each name found, automatically marking it for _e_x_p_o_r_t to child pro-
+ cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The eexxppoorrtt and
+ ddeeccllaarree --xx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi-
- ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment,
- replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command
- consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi-
- fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus
+ ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment,
+ replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command
+ consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi-
+ fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the uunnsseett command, plus
any additions via the eexxppoorrtt and ddeeccllaarree --xx commands.
- The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented
- temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described
+ The environment for any _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or function may be augmented
+ temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described
above in PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS. These assignment statements affect only the envi-
ronment seen by that command.
- If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l
- parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
+ If the --kk option is set (see the sseett builtin command below), then _a_l_l
+ parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
just those that precede the command name.
- When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the
+ When bbaasshh invokes an external command, the variable __ is set to the
full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environ-
ment.
EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS
- The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
+ The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
_w_a_i_t_p_i_d system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between
- 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
+ 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands
are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell
will use special values to indicate specific failure modes.
For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status
- has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero
- exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal
+ has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero
+ exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal
signal _N, bbaasshh uses the value of 128+_N as the exit status.
- If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it
- returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
+ If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it
+ returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
the return status is 126.
If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
the exit status is greater than zero.
- Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and
- non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
- return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally
+ Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_t_r_u_e) if successful, and
+ non-zero (_f_a_l_s_e) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
+ return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally
invalid options or missing arguments.
- BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed,
- unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
+ BBaasshh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed,
+ unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
value. See also the eexxiitt builtin command below.
SSIIGGNNAALLSS
- When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
+ When bbaasshh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
SSIIGGTTEERRMM (so that kkiillll 00 does not kill an interactive shell), and SSIIGGIINNTT
- is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In
- all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh
+ is caught and handled (so that the wwaaiitt builtin is interruptible). In
+ all cases, bbaasshh ignores SSIIGGQQUUIITT. If job control is in effect, bbaasshh
ignores SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTTTTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP.
Non-builtin commands run by bbaasshh have signal handlers set to the values
- inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in
- effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to
- these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi-
+ inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in
+ effect, asynchronous commands ignore SSIIGGIINNTT and SSIIGGQQUUIITT in addition to
+ these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi-
tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals SSIIGGTTTTIINN, SSIIGGTT--
TTOOUU, and SSIIGGTTSSTTPP.
- The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting,
- an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or
+ The shell exits by default upon receipt of a SSIIGGHHUUPP. Before exiting,
+ an interactive shell resends the SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs, running or
stopped. Stopped jobs are sent SSIIGGCCOONNTT to ensure that they receive the
- SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular
- job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin
- (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP
+ SSIIGGHHUUPP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular
+ job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the ddiissoowwnn builtin
+ (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) or marked to not receive SSIIGGHHUUPP
using ddiissoowwnn --hh.
- If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a
+ If the hhuuppoonneexxiitt shell option has been set with sshhoopptt, bbaasshh sends a
SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
- If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
+ If bbaasshh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com-
- mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via
- the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been
+ mand completes. When bbaasshh is waiting for an asynchronous command via
+ the wwaaiitt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been
set will cause the wwaaiitt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta-
tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed.
JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL
- _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the
+ _J_o_b _c_o_n_t_r_o_l refers to the ability to selectively stop (_s_u_s_p_e_n_d) the
execution of processes and continue (_r_e_s_u_m_e) their execution at a later
- point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive
- interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal
+ point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive
+ interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal
driver and bbaasshh.
- The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
- currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command.
- When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a
+ The shell associates a _j_o_b with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
+ currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the jjoobbss command.
+ When bbaasshh starts a job asynchronously (in the _b_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d), it prints a
line that looks like:
[1] 25647
indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the
last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of
- the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh
+ the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. BBaasshh
uses the _j_o_b abstraction as the basis for job control.
- To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
+ To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
the operating system maintains the notion of a _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _t_e_r_m_i_n_a_l _p_r_o_c_e_s_s
_g_r_o_u_p _I_D. Members of this process group (processes whose process group
ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard-
- generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in
- the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID
+ generated signals such as SSIIGGIINNTT. These processes are said to be in
+ the _f_o_r_e_g_r_o_u_n_d. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d processes are those whose process group ID
differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen-
erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or,
- if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal.
- Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty
- tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal
- by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the
+ if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal.
+ Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty
+ tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a SSIIGGTTTTIINN ((SSIIGGTTTTOOUU)) signal
+ by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the
process.
- If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control,
+ If the operating system on which bbaasshh is running supports job control,
bbaasshh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _s_u_s_p_e_n_d character (typ-
ically ^^ZZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to
- be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d
- character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
- when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be
- returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
- using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command
+ be stopped and returns control to bbaasshh. Typing the _d_e_l_a_y_e_d _s_u_s_p_e_n_d
+ character (typically ^^YY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
+ when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be
+ returned to bbaasshh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
+ using the bbgg command to continue it in the background, the ffgg command
to continue it in the foreground, or the kkiillll command to kill it. A ^^ZZ
takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing
pending output and typeahead to be discarded.
There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac-
- ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be
+ ter %% introduces a job specification (_j_o_b_s_p_e_c). Job number _n may be
referred to as %%nn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the
name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command
- line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix
- matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the
- other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command
- line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an
- error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_-
- _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground
+ line. For example, %%ccee refers to a stopped ccee job. If a prefix
+ matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an error. Using %%??ccee, on the
+ other hand, refers to any job containing the string ccee in its command
+ line. If the substring matches more than one job, bbaasshh reports an
+ error. The symbols %%%% and %%++ refer to the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_-
+ _r_e_n_t _j_o_b, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground
or started in the background. The _p_r_e_v_i_o_u_s _j_o_b may be referenced using
%%--. If there is only a single job, %%++ and %%-- can both be used to refer
- to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the
+ to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the
jjoobbss command), the current job is always flagged with a ++, and the pre-
- vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica-
+ vious job with a --. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica-
tion) also refers to the current job.
- Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is
- a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the
- foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background,
+ Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %%11 is
+ a synonym for ````ffgg %%11'''', bringing job 1 from the background into the
+ foreground. Similarly, ````%%11 &&'''' resumes job 1 in the background,
equivalent to ````bbgg %%11''''.
- The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
+ The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
bbaasshh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes
- in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb
+ in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the --bb
option to the sseett builtin command is enabled, bbaasshh reports such changes
- immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that
+ immediately. Any trap on SSIIGGCCHHLLDD is executed for each child that
exits.
- If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the
- cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run-
+ If an attempt to exit bbaasshh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the
+ cchheecckkjjoobbss shell option has been enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin, run-
ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the cchheecckkjjoobbss option
- is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may
- then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is
- made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another
+ is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The jjoobbss command may
+ then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is
+ made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another
warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated.
PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG
When executing interactively, bbaasshh displays the primary prompt PPSS11 when
- it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it
- needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it
- reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh allows these prompt
- strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped
+ it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt PPSS22 when it
+ needs more input to complete a command. BBaasshh displays PPSS00 after it
+ reads a command but before executing it. BBaasshh allows these prompt
+ strings to be customized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped
special characters that are decoded as follows:
\\aa an ASCII bell character (07)
- \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
+ \\dd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
26")
\\DD{{_f_o_r_m_a_t}}
- the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is
- inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results
+ the _f_o_r_m_a_t is passed to _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) and the result is
+ inserted into the prompt string; an empty _f_o_r_m_a_t results
in a locale-specific time representation. The braces are
required
\\ee an ASCII escape character (033)
@@ -2813,7 +2816,7 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG
\\ll the basename of the shell's terminal device name
\\nn newline
\\rr carriage return
- \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion
+ \\ss the name of the shell, the basename of $$00 (the portion
following the final slash)
\\tt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
\\TT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
@@ -2822,8 +2825,8 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG
\\uu the username of the current user
\\vv the version of bbaasshh (e.g., 2.00)
\\VV the release of bbaasshh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
- \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated
- with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM vari-
+ \\ww the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE abbreviated
+ with a tilde (uses the value of the PPRROOMMPPTT__DDIIRRTTRRIIMM vari-
able)
\\WW the basename of the current working directory, with $$HHOOMMEE
abbreviated with a tilde
@@ -2832,66 +2835,66 @@ PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG
\\$$ if the effective UID is 0, a ##, otherwise a $$
\\_n_n_n the character corresponding to the octal number _n_n_n
\\\\ a backslash
- \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
- be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
+ \\[[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
+ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
prompt
\\]] end a sequence of non-printing characters
- The command number and the history number are usually different: the
- history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
- may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY
- below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of
- commands executed during the current shell session. After the string
- is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu-
- tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of
- the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command
+ The command number and the history number are usually different: the
+ history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
+ may include commands restored from the history file (see HHIISSTTOORRYY
+ below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of
+ commands executed during the current shell session. After the string
+ is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu-
+ tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of
+ the pprroommppttvvaarrss shell option (see the description of the sshhoopptt command
under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below).
RREEAADDLLIINNEE
- This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
+ This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
tive shell, unless the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option is given at shell invocation.
Line editing is also used when using the --ee option to the rreeaadd builtin.
By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A
vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be
- enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett
- builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing
- after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the
+ enabled at any time using the --oo eemmaaccss or --oo vvii options to the sseett
+ builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). To turn off line editing
+ after the shell is running, use the ++oo eemmaaccss or ++oo vvii options to the
sseett builtin.
RReeaaddlliinnee NNoottaattiioonn
In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes.
- Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi-
- larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key-
- boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key
+ Control keys are denoted by C-_k_e_y, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi-
+ larly, _m_e_t_a keys are denoted by M-_k_e_y, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key-
+ boards without a _m_e_t_a key, M-_x means ESC _x, i.e., press the Escape key
then the _x key. This makes ESC the _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x. The combination M-C-_x
- means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key
+ means ESC-Control-_x, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key
while pressing the _x key.)
Readline commands may be given numeric _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, which normally act as
- a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
- that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
- acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to
- act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments
+ a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
+ that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
+ acts in the forward direction (e.g., kkiillll--lliinnee) causes that command to
+ act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments
deviates from this are noted below.
- When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved
+ When a command is described as _k_i_l_l_i_n_g text, the text deleted is saved
for possible future retrieval (_y_a_n_k_i_n_g). The killed text is saved in a
_k_i_l_l _r_i_n_g. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one
unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text
separate the chunks of text on the kill ring.
RReeaaddlliinnee IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn
- Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
- (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
- the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is
- _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up,
+ Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
+ (the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
+ the IINNPPUUTTRRCC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is
+ _~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c. When a program which uses the readline library starts up,
the initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are
- set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline
- initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a
- ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con-
+ set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline
+ initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a
+ ## are comments. Lines beginning with a $$ indicate conditional con-
structs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings.
- The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other
+ The default key-bindings may be changed with an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file. Other
programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings.
For example, placing
@@ -2899,18 +2902,18 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
M-Control-u: universal-argument
or
C-Meta-u: universal-argument
- into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_-
+ into the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c would make M-C-u execute the readline command _u_n_i_v_e_r_-
_s_a_l_-_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t.
- The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L,
+ The following symbolic character names are recognized: _R_U_B_O_U_T, _D_E_L,
_E_S_C, _L_F_D, _N_E_W_L_I_N_E, _R_E_T, _R_E_T_U_R_N, _S_P_C, _S_P_A_C_E, and _T_A_B.
- In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
+ In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _m_a_c_r_o).
RReeaaddlliinnee KKeeyy BBiinnddiinnggss
- The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple.
- All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
+ The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file is simple.
+ All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-
fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _M_e_t_a_- or
_C_o_n_t_r_o_l_- prefixes, or as a key sequence.
@@ -2922,15 +2925,15 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
Control-o: "> output"
- In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt,
- _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to
- run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
+ In the above example, _C_-_u is bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt,
+ _M_-_D_E_L is bound to the function bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd, and _C_-_o is bound to
+ run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
text ``> output'' into the line).
- In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs
- from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
- be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
- Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
+ In the second form, ""kkeeyysseeqq"":_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e or _m_a_c_r_o, kkeeyysseeqq differs
+ from kkeeyynnaammee above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
+ be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
+ Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
the symbolic character names are not recognized.
"\C-u": universal-argument
@@ -2938,7 +2941,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
"\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
In this example, _C_-_u is again bound to the function uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt.
- _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is
+ _C_-_x _C_-_r is bound to the function rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee, and _E_S_C _[ _1 _1 _~ is
bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''.
The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is
@@ -2949,7 +2952,7 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
\\"" literal "
\\'' literal '
- In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
+ In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
backslash escapes is available:
\\aa alert (bell)
\\bb backspace
@@ -2959,20 +2962,20 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
\\rr carriage return
\\tt horizontal tab
\\vv vertical tab
- \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_n_n_n (one to three digits)
- \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _H_H (one or two hex digits)
When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used
to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func-
- tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above
- are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
+ tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above
+ are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
text, including " and '.
- BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi-
- fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched
- during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com-
+ BBaasshh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi-
+ fied with the bbiinndd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched
+ during interactive use by using the --oo option to the sseett builtin com-
mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below).
RReeaaddlliinnee VVaarriiaabblleess
@@ -2982,77 +2985,77 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
sseett _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_-_n_a_m_e _v_a_l_u_e
- Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff
- (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
- When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen-
+ Except where noted, readline variables can take the values OOnn or OOffff
+ (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
+ When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen-
sitive), and "1" are equivalent to OOnn. All other values are equivalent
to OOffff. The variables and their default values are:
bbeellll--ssttyyllee ((aauuddiibbllee))
- Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
+ Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
bell. If set to nnoonnee, readline never rings the bell. If set to
- vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
+ vviissiibbllee, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
set to aauuddiibbllee, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
bbiinndd--ttttyy--ssppeecciiaall--cchhaarrss ((OOnn))
- If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
+ If set to OOnn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read-
line equivalents.
bblliinnkk--mmaattcchhiinngg--ppaarreenn ((OOffff))
If set to OOnn, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted.
ccoolloorreedd--ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff))
- If set to OOnn, when listing completions, readline displays the
+ If set to OOnn, when listing completions, readline displays the
common prefix of the set of possible completions using a differ-
- ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of
+ ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of
the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment variable.
ccoolloorreedd--ssttaattss ((OOffff))
- If set to OOnn, readline displays possible completions using dif-
- ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini-
- tions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment
+ If set to OOnn, readline displays possible completions using dif-
+ ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini-
+ tions are taken from the value of the LLSS__CCOOLLOORRSS environment
variable.
ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn ((````##''''))
- The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt
+ The string that is inserted when the readline iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt
command is executed. This command is bound to MM--## in emacs mode
and to ## in vi command mode.
ccoommpplleettiioonn--ddiissppllaayy--wwiiddtthh ((--11))
- The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
- when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less
- than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0
- will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default
+ The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
+ when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less
+ than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0
+ will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default
value is -1.
ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee ((OOffff))
If set to OOnn, readline performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
ccoommpplleettiioonn--mmaapp--ccaassee ((OOffff))
- If set to OOnn, and ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee is enabled, readline
- treats hyphens (_-) and underscores (__) as equivalent when per-
+ If set to OOnn, and ccoommpplleettiioonn--iiggnnoorree--ccaassee is enabled, readline
+ treats hyphens (_-) and underscores (__) as equivalent when per-
forming case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
ccoommpplleettiioonn--pprreeffiixx--ddiissppllaayy--lleennggtthh ((00))
- The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos-
- sible completions that is displayed without modification. When
- set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than
- this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi-
+ The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos-
+ sible completions that is displayed without modification. When
+ set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than
+ this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi-
ble completions.
ccoommpplleettiioonn--qquueerryy--iitteemmss ((110000))
- This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
- ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee--
- ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
- or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
+ This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
+ ber of possible completions generated by the ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommppllee--
+ ttiioonnss command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
+ or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is
- asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are
+ asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are
simply listed on the terminal.
ccoonnvveerrtt--mmeettaa ((OOnn))
- If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth
+ If set to OOnn, readline will convert characters with the eighth
bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and
- prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
- _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). The default is _O_n, but readline will set it to
+ prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
+ _m_e_t_a _p_r_e_f_i_x). The default is _O_n, but readline will set it to
_O_f_f if the locale contains eight-bit characters.
ddiissaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonn ((OOffff))
If set to OOnn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion
- characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
+ characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
mapped to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt.
eecchhoo--ccoonnttrrooll--cchhaarraacctteerrss ((OOnn))
- When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support
+ When set to OOnn, on operating systems that indicate they support
it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener-
ated from the keyboard.
eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee ((eemmaaccss))
@@ -3060,192 +3063,192 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
ilar to _E_m_a_c_s or _v_i. eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee can be set to either eemmaaccss or
vvii.
eennaabbllee--bbrraacckkeetteedd--ppaassttee ((OOffff))
- When set to OOnn, readline will configure the terminal in a way
+ When set to OOnn, readline will configure the terminal in a way
that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer
as a single string of characters, instead of treating each char-
- acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre-
- vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com-
+ acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre-
+ vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com-
mands.
eennaabbllee--kkeeyyppaadd ((OOffff))
When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable the application key-
- pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
+ pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
arrow keys.
eennaabbllee--mmeettaa--kkeeyy ((OOnn))
- When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
- key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many
+ When set to OOnn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
+ key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many
terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters.
eexxppaanndd--ttiillddee ((OOffff))
- If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline
+ If set to OOnn, tilde expansion is performed when readline
attempts word completion.
hhiissttoorryy--pprreesseerrvvee--ppooiinntt ((OOffff))
- If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the
- same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss--
+ If set to OOnn, the history code attempts to place point at the
+ same location on each history line retrieved with pprreevviioouuss--hhiiss--
ttoorryy or nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy.
hhiissttoorryy--ssiizzee ((uunnsseett))
- Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
- list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted
+ Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
+ list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted
and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero,
- the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the
- number of history entries is set to the value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE
- shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _h_i_s_t_o_r_y_-_s_i_z_e to a
+ the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the
+ number of history entries is set to the value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE
+ shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _h_i_s_t_o_r_y_-_s_i_z_e to a
non-numeric value, the maximum number of history entries will be
set to 500.
hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssccrroollll--mmooddee ((OOffff))
- When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display,
+ When set to OOnn, makes readline use a single line for display,
scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it
- becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a
+ becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a
new line.
iinnppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff))
- If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
- will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads),
+ If set to OOnn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
+ will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads),
regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name
- mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _O_f_f,
- but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit
+ mmeettaa--ffllaagg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _O_f_f,
+ but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale contains eight-bit
characters.
iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss ((````CC--[[CC--JJ''''))
- The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
- search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
- mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
+ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
+ search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
+ mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
ters _E_S_C and _C_-_J will terminate an incremental search.
kkeeyymmaapp ((eemmaaccss))
- Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
- is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_-
- _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is
- equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the
+ Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
+ is _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_-
+ _m_a_n_d, and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d; _e_m_a_c_s is
+ equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d. The default value is _e_m_a_c_s; the
value of eeddiittiinngg--mmooddee also affects the default keymap.
eemmaaccss--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((@@))
This string is displayed immediately before the last line of the
- primary prompt when emacs editing mode is active. The value is
- expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and
- control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
- Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
- printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
+ primary prompt when emacs editing mode is active. The value is
+ expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and
+ control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
+ Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
+ printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
trol sequence into the mode string.
kkeeyysseeqq--ttiimmeeoouutt ((550000))
- Specifies the duration _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait for a character when
- reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete
+ Specifies the duration _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait for a character when
+ reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete
key sequence using the input read so far, or can take additional
- input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is
- received within the timeout, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will use the shorter but
- complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds,
- so a value of 1000 means that _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait one second for
- additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than
- or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait
- until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to
+ input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is
+ received within the timeout, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will use the shorter but
+ complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds,
+ so a value of 1000 means that _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait one second for
+ additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than
+ or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e will wait
+ until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to
complete.
mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOnn))
If set to OOnn, completed directory names have a slash appended.
mmaarrkk--mmooddiiffiieedd--lliinneess ((OOffff))
- If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
+ If set to OOnn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
played with a preceding asterisk (**).
mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess ((OOffff))
If set to OOnn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc-
- tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
+ tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess).
mmaattcchh--hhiiddddeenn--ffiilleess ((OOnn))
- This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files
- whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
- filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be
+ This variable, when set to OOnn, causes readline to match files
+ whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
+ filename completion. If set to OOffff, the leading `.' must be
supplied by the user in the filename to be completed.
mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--ddiissppllaayy--pprreeffiixx ((OOffff))
- If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
+ If set to OOnn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling
through the list.
oouuttppuutt--mmeettaa ((OOffff))
- If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth
+ If set to OOnn, readline will display characters with the eighth
bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence.
The default is _O_f_f, but readline will set it to _O_n if the locale
contains eight-bit characters.
ppaaggee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((OOnn))
- If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis-
+ If set to OOnn, readline uses an internal _m_o_r_e-like pager to dis-
play a screenful of possible completions at a time.
pprriinntt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss--hhoorriizzoonnttaallllyy ((OOffff))
- If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches
- sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
+ If set to OOnn, readline will display completions with matches
+ sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
screen.
rreevveerrtt--aallll--aatt--nneewwlliinnee ((OOffff))
- If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
+ If set to OOnn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
before returning when aacccceepptt--lliinnee is executed. By default, his-
- tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
+ tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
across calls to rreeaaddlliinnee.
sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss ((OOffff))
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
If set to OOnn, words which have more than one possible completion
- cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
+ cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
the bell.
sshhooww--aallll--iiff--uunnmmooddiiffiieedd ((OOffff))
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
a fashion similar to sshhooww--aallll--iiff--aammbbiigguuoouuss. If set to OOnn, words
- which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
- ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
- common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately
+ which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
+ ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
+ common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately
instead of ringing the bell.
sshhooww--mmooddee--iinn--pprroommpptt ((OOffff))
- If set to OOnn, add a character to the beginning of the prompt
- indicating the editing mode: emacs (@), vi command (:) or vi
+ If set to OOnn, add a character to the beginning of the prompt
+ indicating the editing mode: emacs (@), vi command (:) or vi
insertion (+).
sskkiipp--ccoommpplleetteedd--tteexxtt ((OOffff))
- If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when
- inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
- performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
- readline does not insert characters from the completion that
- match characters after point in the word being completed, so
+ If set to OOnn, this alters the default completion behavior when
+ inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
+ performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
+ readline does not insert characters from the completion that
+ match characters after point in the word being completed, so
portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
vvii--ccmmdd--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((((ccmmdd))))
This string is displayed immediately before the last line of the
- primary prompt when vi editing mode is active and in command
+ primary prompt when vi editing mode is active and in command
mode. The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard
set of meta- and control prefixes and backslash escape sequences
- is available. Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end
+ is available. Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end
sequences of non-printing characters, which can be used to embed
a terminal control sequence into the mode string.
vvii--iinnss--mmooddee--ssttrriinngg ((((iinnss))))
This string is displayed immediately before the last line of the
- primary prompt when vi editing mode is active and in insertion
+ primary prompt when vi editing mode is active and in insertion
mode. The value is expanded like a key binding, so the standard
set of meta- and control prefixes and backslash escape sequences
- is available. Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end
+ is available. Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end
sequences of non-printing characters, which can be used to embed
a terminal control sequence into the mode string.
vviissiibbllee--ssttaattss ((OOffff))
- If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
- _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
+ If set to OOnn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
+ _s_t_a_t(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
pletions.
RReeaaddlliinnee CCoonnddiittiioonnaall CCoonnssttrruuccttss
- Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
- compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
- and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
+ Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+ compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
+ and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
are four parser directives used.
- $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
- ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
- readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line;
+ $$iiff The $$iiff construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
+ ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
+ readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line;
no characters are required to isolate it.
- mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test
- whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
- used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for
- instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and
- _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in
+ mmooddee The mmooddee== form of the $$iiff directive is used to test
+ whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
+ used in conjunction with the sseett kkeeyymmaapp command, for
+ instance, to set bindings in the _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d and
+ _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x keymaps only if readline is starting out in
emacs mode.
- tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific
+ tteerrmm The tteerrmm== form may be used to include terminal-specific
key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by
the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side
of the == is tested against both the full name of the ter-
- minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
- first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d,
+ minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
+ first --. This allows _s_u_n to match both _s_u_n and _s_u_n_-_c_m_d,
for instance.
aapppplliiccaattiioonn
The aapppplliiccaattiioonn construct is used to include application-
specific settings. Each program using the readline
- library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization
+ library sets the _a_p_p_l_i_c_a_t_i_o_n _n_a_m_e, and an initialization
file can test for a particular value. This could be used
- to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
- program. For instance, the following command adds a key
- sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
+ to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
+ program. For instance, the following command adds a key
+ sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
bbaasshh:
$$iiff Bash
@@ -3260,51 +3263,51 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
test fails.
$$iinncclluuddee
- This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
- commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow-
+ This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
+ commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow-
ing directive would read _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c:
$$iinncclluuddee _/_e_t_c_/_i_n_p_u_t_r_c
SSeeaarrcchhiinngg
- Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
+ Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
(see HHIISSTTOORRYY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are
two search modes: _i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l and _n_o_n_-_i_n_c_r_e_m_e_n_t_a_l.
- Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
- search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
+ Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
+ search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed
- so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
- needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in
- the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an
+ so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
+ needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in
+ the value of the iisseeaarrcchh--tteerrmmiinnaattoorrss variable are used to terminate an
incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the
- Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
- Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
- line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
+ Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
+ Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
+ line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
search string becomes the current line.
- To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
- Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the
- history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far.
- Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the
- search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi-
+ To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
+ Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the
+ history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far.
+ Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the
+ search and execute that command. For instance, a _n_e_w_l_i_n_e will termi-
nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from
the history list.
Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control-
- Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search
+ Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search
string, any remembered search string is used.
- Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
- to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed
+ Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
+ to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed
by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
RReeaaddlliinnee CCoommmmaanndd NNaammeess
- The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
+ The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom-
panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip-
- tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to
- a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the
+ tions, _p_o_i_n_t refers to the current cursor position, and _m_a_r_k refers to
+ a cursor position saved by the sseett--mmaarrkk command. The text between the
point and mark is referred to as the _r_e_g_i_o_n.
CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMoovviinngg
@@ -3320,17 +3323,17 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of
alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd ((MM--bb))
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd
- Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
+ Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
cclleeaarr--ssccrreeeenn ((CC--ll))
- Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the
- screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without
+ Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the
+ screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without
clearing the screen.
rreeddrraaww--ccuurrrreenntt--lliinnee
Refresh the current line.
@@ -3338,60 +3341,60 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr MMaanniippuullaattiinngg tthhee HHiissttoorryy
aacccceepptt--lliinnee ((NNeewwlliinnee,, RReettuurrnn))
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line
- is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
- of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history
+ is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
+ of the HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL variable. If the line is a modified history
line, then restore the history line to its original state.
pprreevviioouuss--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--pp))
Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in
the list.
nneexxtt--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--nn))
- Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
+ Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
the list.
bbeeggiinnnniinngg--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--<<))
Move to the first line in the history.
eenndd--ooff--hhiissttoorryy ((MM-->>))
- Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
+ Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
being entered.
rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--rr))
- Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
- through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
search.
ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((CC--ss))
- Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
- through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
search.
nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--rreevveerrssee--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--pp))
Search backward through the history starting at the current line
- using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
+ using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
user.
nnoonn--iinnccrreemmeennttaall--ffoorrwwaarrdd--sseeaarrcchh--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--nn))
- Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
+ Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
search for a string supplied by the user.
hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--ffoorrwwaarrdd
- Search forward through the history for the string of characters
- between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
non-incremental search.
hhiissttoorryy--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
- between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
non-incremental search.
yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg ((MM--CC--yy))
- Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
+ Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _n,
- insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the
- previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument
+ insert the _nth word from the previous command (the words in the
+ previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument
inserts the _nth word from the end of the previous command. Once
- the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the
+ the argument _n is computed, the argument is extracted as if the
"!_n" history expansion had been specified.
yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg ((MM--..,, MM--__))
- Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
+ Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave
- exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg
- move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or
- the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each
+ exactly like yyaannkk--nntthh--aarrgg. Successive calls to yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg
+ move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or
+ the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each
line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive
- calls determines the direction to move through the history. A
- negative argument switches the direction through the history
+ calls determines the direction to move through the history. A
+ negative argument switches the direction through the history
(back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to
extract the last word, as if the "!$" history expansion had been
specified.
@@ -3400,79 +3403,79 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See
HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion.
hhiissttoorryy--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee ((MM--^^))
- Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY
+ Perform history expansion on the current line. See HHIISSTTOORRYY
EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history expansion.
mmaaggiicc--ssppaaccee
- Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
+ Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
space. See HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN below for a description of history
expansion.
aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee
- Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above
+ Perform alias expansion on the current line. See AALLIIAASSEESS above
for a description of alias expansion.
hhiissttoorryy--aanndd--aalliiaass--eexxppaanndd--lliinnee
Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
iinnsseerrtt--llaasstt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--..,, MM--__))
A synonym for yyaannkk--llaasstt--aarrgg.
ooppeerraattee--aanndd--ggeett--nneexxtt ((CC--oo))
- Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
- relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any
+ Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
+ relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any
argument is ignored.
eeddiitt--aanndd--eexxeeccuuttee--ccoommmmaanndd ((CC--xxCC--ee))
- Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
- result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL,
+ Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
+ result as shell commands. BBaasshh attempts to invoke $$VVIISSUUAALL,
$$EEDDIITTOORR, and _e_m_a_c_s as the editor, in that order.
CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr CChhaannggiinngg TTeexxtt
_e_n_d_-_o_f_-_f_i_l_e ((uussuuaallllyy CC--dd))
- The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
- ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac-
- ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line,
+ The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
+ ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac-
+ ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line,
Readline interprets it as the end of input and returns EEOOFF.
ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((CC--dd))
Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the
same character as the tty EEOOFF character, as CC--dd commonly is, see
above for the effects.
bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr ((RRuubboouutt))
- Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
+ Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring.
ffoorrwwaarrdd--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr
- Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
+ Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur-
sor is deleted.
qquuootteedd--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--qq,, CC--vv))
- Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
+ Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
to insert characters like CC--qq, for example.
ttaabb--iinnsseerrtt ((CC--vv TTAABB))
Insert a tab character.
sseellff--iinnsseerrtt ((aa,, bb,, AA,, 11,, !!,, ......))
Insert the character typed.
ttrraannssppoossee--cchhaarrss ((CC--tt))
- Drag the character before point forward over the character at
- point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
- the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
+ Drag the character before point forward over the character at
+ point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
+ the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
Negative arguments have no effect.
ttrraannssppoossee--wwoorrddss ((MM--tt))
- Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
- point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
+ Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
+ point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
line, this transposes the last two words on the line.
uuppccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--uu))
- Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative
+ Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative
argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point.
ddoowwnnccaassee--wwoorrdd ((MM--ll))
- Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative
+ Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative
argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point.
ccaappiittaalliizzee--wwoorrdd ((MM--cc))
- Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative
+ Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative
argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point.
oovveerrwwrriittee--mmooddee
- Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
+ Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive
numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects
- only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call
+ only eemmaaccss mode; vvii mode does overwrite differently. Each call
to _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_(_) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac-
- ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than
- pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk--
- wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a
+ ters bound to sseellff--iinnsseerrtt replace the text at point rather than
+ pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to bbaacckk--
+ wwaarrdd--ddeelleettee--cchhaarr replace the character before point with a
space. By default, this command is unbound.
KKiilllliinngg aanndd YYaannkkiinngg
@@ -3481,31 +3484,31 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--lliinnee ((CC--xx RRuubboouutt))
Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
uunniixx--lliinnee--ddiissccaarrdd ((CC--uu))
- Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The
+ Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The
killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
kkiillll--wwhhoollee--lliinnee
- Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
+ Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
is.
kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--dd))
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd.
bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd ((MM--RRuubboouutt))
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd.
sshheellll--kkiillll--wwoorrdd
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by sshheellll--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd.
sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--kkiillll--wwoorrdd
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by sshheellll--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd.
uunniixx--wwoorrdd--rruubboouutt ((CC--ww))
- Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
uunniixx--ffiilleennaammee--rruubboouutt
- Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
- character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
+ character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on
the kill-ring.
ddeelleettee--hhoorriizzoonnttaall--ssppaaccee ((MM--\\))
Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
@@ -3514,65 +3517,65 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
ccooppyy--rreeggiioonn--aass--kkiillll
Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer.
ccooppyy--bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd
- Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
+ Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
aries are the same as bbaacckkwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd.
ccooppyy--ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd
- Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
+ Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
boundaries are the same as ffoorrwwaarrdd--wwoorrdd.
yyaannkk ((CC--yy))
Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
yyaannkk--ppoopp ((MM--yy))
- Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
+ Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
ing yyaannkk or yyaannkk--ppoopp.
NNuummeerriicc AArrgguummeennttss
ddiiggiitt--aarrgguummeenntt ((MM--00,, MM--11,, ......,, MM----))
- Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
+ Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
new argument. M-- starts a negative argument.
uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt
- This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
- followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
- sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
- lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the
- numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case,
- if this command is immediately followed by a character that is
- neither a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next
- command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
- one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
+ This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
+ followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
+ sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
+ lowed by digits, executing uunniivveerrssaall--aarrgguummeenntt again ends the
+ numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case,
+ if this command is immediately followed by a character that is
+ neither a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next
+ command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
+ one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen,
and so on.
CCoommpplleettiinngg
ccoommpplleettee ((TTAABB))
- Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh
+ Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. BBaasshh
attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text
- begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname
- (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and
+ begins with $$), username (if the text begins with ~~), hostname
+ (if the text begins with @@), or command (including aliases and
functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename
completion is attempted.
ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--??))
List the possible completions of the text before point.
iinnsseerrtt--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((MM--**))
- Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
+ Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
been generated by ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss.
mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee
- Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with
- a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated
- execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible
- completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
+ Similar to ccoommpplleettee, but replaces the word to be completed with
+ a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated
+ execution of mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee steps through the list of possible
+ completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of
bbeellll--ssttyyllee) and the original text is restored. An argument of _n
- moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative
- argument may be used to move backward through the list. This
- command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by
+ moves _n positions forward in the list of matches; a negative
+ argument may be used to move backward through the list. This
+ command is intended to be bound to TTAABB, but is unbound by
default.
mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee--bbaacckkwwaarrdd
- Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list
- of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a
+ Identical to mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee, but moves backward through the list
+ of possible completions, as if mmeennuu--ccoommpplleettee had been given a
negative argument. This command is unbound by default.
ddeelleettee--cchhaarr--oorr--lliisstt
- Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
- or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the
+ Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
+ or end of the line (like ddeelleettee--cchhaarr). If at the end of the
line, behaves identically to ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss. This command
is unbound by default.
ccoommpplleettee--ffiilleennaammee ((MM--//))
@@ -3581,263 +3584,263 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a filename.
ccoommpplleettee--uusseerrnnaammee ((MM--~~))
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
username.
ppoossssiibbllee--uusseerrnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx ~~))
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a username.
ccoommpplleettee--vvaarriiaabbllee ((MM--$$))
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
shell variable.
ppoossssiibbllee--vvaarriiaabbllee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx $$))
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a shell variable.
ccoommpplleettee--hhoossttnnaammee ((MM--@@))
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
hostname.
ppoossssiibbllee--hhoossttnnaammee--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx @@))
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a hostname.
ccoommpplleettee--ccoommmmaanndd ((MM--!!))
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
- command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
- against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
+ against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order.
ppoossssiibbllee--ccoommmmaanndd--ccoommpplleettiioonnss ((CC--xx !!))
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a command name.
ddyynnaammiicc--ccoommpplleettee--hhiissttoorryy ((MM--TTAABB))
- Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
- against lines from the history list for possible completion
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
+ against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
ddaabbbbrreevv--eexxppaanndd
- Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
+ Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
text against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
ccoommpplleettee--iinnttoo--bbrraacceess ((MM--{{))
Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com-
- pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
+ pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
shell (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn above).
KKeeyybbooaarrdd MMaaccrrooss
ssttaarrtt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx (())
- Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
+ Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
macro.
eenndd--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx ))))
Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
and store the definition.
ccaallll--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo ((CC--xx ee))
- Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
+ Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
pprriinntt--llaasstt--kkbbdd--mmaaccrroo (())
- Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for
+ Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for
the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file.
MMiisscceellllaanneeoouuss
rree--rreeaadd--iinniitt--ffiillee ((CC--xx CC--rr))
- Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any
+ Read in the contents of the _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file, and incorporate any
bindings or variable assignments found there.
aabboorrtt ((CC--gg))
- Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
+ Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
(subject to the setting of bbeellll--ssttyyllee).
ddoo--uuppppeerrccaassee--vveerrssiioonn ((MM--aa,, MM--bb,, MM--_x,, ......))
- If the metafied character _x is lowercase, run the command that
+ If the metafied character _x is lowercase, run the command that
is bound to the corresponding uppercase character.
pprreeffiixx--mmeettaa ((EESSCC))
Metafy the next character typed. EESSCC ff is equivalent to MMeettaa--ff.
uunnddoo ((CC--__,, CC--xx CC--uu))
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
rreevveerrtt--lliinnee ((MM--rr))
- Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
- uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial
+ Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
+ uunnddoo command enough times to return the line to its initial
state.
ttiillddee--eexxppaanndd ((MM--&&))
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
sseett--mmaarrkk ((CC--@@,, MM--<<ssppaaccee>>))
- Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the mark is set to that position.
eexxcchhaannggee--ppooiinntt--aanndd--mmaarrkk ((CC--xx CC--xx))
- Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is
- set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved
+ Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is
+ set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved
as the mark.
cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh ((CC--]]))
A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of
- that character. A negative count searches for previous occur-
+ that character. A negative count searches for previous occur-
rences.
cchhaarraacctteerr--sseeaarrcchh--bbaacckkwwaarrdd ((MM--CC--]]))
- A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur-
- rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse-
+ A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur-
+ rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse-
quent occurrences.
sskkiipp--ccssii--sseeqquueennccee
- Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
- those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin
+ Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
+ those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin
with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this
- sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will
- have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
- instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
+ sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will
+ have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
+ instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[.
iinnsseerrtt--ccoommmmeenntt ((MM--##))
- Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm--
- mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current
+ Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline ccoomm--
+ mmeenntt--bbeeggiinn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current
line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a
- toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not
- match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other-
+ toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not
+ match the value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn, the value is inserted, other-
wise the characters in ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn are deleted from the begin-
- ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a
- newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn
- causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.
- If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be
+ ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a
+ newline had been typed. The default value of ccoommmmeenntt--bbeeggiinn
+ causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.
+ If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be
removed, the line will be executed by the shell.
gglloobb--ccoommpplleettee--wwoorrdd ((MM--gg))
- The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
- expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern
- is used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
+ expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern
+ is used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible
completions.
gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd ((CC--xx **))
- The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
- expansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted,
- replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
+ expansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted,
+ replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an
asterisk is appended before pathname expansion.
gglloobb--lliisstt--eexxppaannssiioonnss ((CC--xx gg))
- The list of expansions that would have been generated by
- gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a
- numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
+ The list of expansions that would have been generated by
+ gglloobb--eexxppaanndd--wwoorrdd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a
+ numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
pathname expansion.
dduummpp--ffuunnccttiioonnss
- Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
+ Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out-
- put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
+ put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_i_n_p_u_t_r_c file.
dduummpp--vvaarriiaabblleess
Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to
- the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
- the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+ the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an _i_n_p_u_t_r_c file.
dduummpp--mmaaccrrooss
- Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
+ Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_i_n_p_u_t_r_c file.
ddiissppllaayy--sshheellll--vveerrssiioonn ((CC--xx CC--vv))
Display version information about the current instance of bbaasshh.
PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn
- When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
- which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using
- the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the program-
+ When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
+ which a completion specification (a _c_o_m_p_s_p_e_c) has been defined using
+ the ccoommpplleettee builtin (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the program-
mable completion facilities are invoked.
- First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the
- empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line),
- any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a
- compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to
+ First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the
+ empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line),
+ any compspec defined with the --EE option to ccoommpplleettee is used. If a
+ compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to
generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command
- word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched
- for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt
- is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
- If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
+ word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched
+ for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt
+ is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
+ If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
with the --DD option to ccoommpplleettee is used as the default.
- Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
- matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple-
+ Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
+ matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default bbaasshh comple-
tion as described above under CCoommpplleettiinngg is performed.
- First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
- which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
- --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
+ First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
+ which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
+ --ff or --dd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
shell variable FFIIGGNNOORREE is used to filter the matches.
- Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG
+ Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the --GG
option are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not
- match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not
+ match the word being completed. The GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE shell variable is not
used to filter the matches, but the FFIIGGNNOORREE variable is used.
- Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid-
- ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe-
- cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
- then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
- variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
+ Next, the string specified as the argument to the --WW option is consid-
+ ered. The string is first split using the characters in the IIFFSS spe-
+ cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
+ then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
+ variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
described above under EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN. The results are split using the rules
described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg. The results of the expansion are
prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words
become the possible completions.
- After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
- specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or
+ After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
+ specified with the --FF and --CC options is invoked. When the command or
function is invoked, the CCOOMMPP__LLIINNEE, CCOOMMPP__PPOOIINNTT, CCOOMMPP__KKEEYY, and CCOOMMPP__TTYYPPEE
variables are assigned values as described above under SShheellll VVaarriiaabblleess.
- If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD
- variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
- first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are
- being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed,
- and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com-
+ If a shell function is being invoked, the CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDSS and CCOOMMPP__CCWWOORRDD
+ variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
+ first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose arguments are
+ being completed, the second argument ($$22) is the word being completed,
+ and the third argument ($$33) is the word preceding the word being com-
pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com-
pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or
command has complete freedom in generating the matches.
- Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use
- any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described
- below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
+ Any function specified with --FF is invoked first. The function may use
+ any of the shell facilities, including the ccoommppggeenn builtin described
+ below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
in the CCOOMMPPRREEPPLLYY array variable, one per array element.
- Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi-
- ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
- completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
+ Next, any command specified with the --CC option is invoked in an envi-
+ ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
+ completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
used to escape a newline, if necessary.
- After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
- fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
- tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced
- with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped
- with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
- Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
+ After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
+ fied with the --XX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
+ tern as used for pathname expansion; a && in the pattern is replaced
+ with the text of the word being completed. A literal && may be escaped
+ with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
+ Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
A leading !! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match-
- ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is
- enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
+ ing the pattern will be removed. If the nnooccaasseemmaattcchh shell option is
+ enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
betic characters.
Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the --PP and --SS options are
added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned
to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions.
- If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
- --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was
+ If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
+ --oo ddiirrnnaammeess option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was
defined, directory name completion is attempted.
- If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec
+ If the --oo pplluussddiirrss option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec
was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are
added to the results of the other actions.
- By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
- to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
+ By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
+ to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
default bbaasshh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of
filename completion is disabled. If the --oo bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt option was sup-
- plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com-
+ plied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined, the bbaasshh default com-
pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the --oo
- ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined,
- readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
+ ddeeffaauulltt option was supplied to ccoommpplleettee when the compspec was defined,
+ readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
if attempted, the default bbaasshh completions) generate no matches.
- When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
- the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
- to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
- the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the
+ When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
+ the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
+ to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
+ the value of the mmaarrkk--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable, regardless of the
setting of the mmaarrkk--ssyymmlliinnkkeedd--ddiirreeccttoorriieess readline variable.
- There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
- most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
- fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
- completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
- returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
+ There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
+ most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
+ fied with ccoommpplleettee --DD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
+ completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
+ returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is
- being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
+ being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an
- attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
- completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
+ attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
+ completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
than being loaded all at once.
- For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
- in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following
+ For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
+ in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following
default completion function would load completions dynamically:
_completion_loader()
@@ -3848,161 +3851,161 @@ RREEAADDLLIINNEE
HHIISSTTOORRYY
- When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell
+ When the --oo hhiissttoorryy option to the sseett builtin is enabled, the shell
provides access to the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _h_i_s_t_o_r_y, the list of commands previously
- typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of
+ typed. The value of the HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE variable is used as the number of
commands to save in a history list. The text of the last HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE com-
- mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
- history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN
- above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
+ mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
+ history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN
+ above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
of the shell variables HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE and HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL.
On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari-
- able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value
- of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
- number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE--
- SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value
- less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history
- file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol-
+ able HHIISSTTFFIILLEE (default _~_/_._b_a_s_h___h_i_s_t_o_r_y). The file named by the value
+ of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
+ number of lines specified by the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE--
+ SSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value
+ less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history
+ file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol-
lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the pre-
ceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend-
- ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with
- history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the
- history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled
- (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the
- lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is
+ ing on the value of the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable. When a shell with
+ history enabled exits, the last $$HHIISSTTSSIIZZEE lines are copied from the
+ history list to $$HHIISSTTFFIILLEE. If the hhiissttaappppeenndd shell option is enabled
+ (see the description of sshhoopptt under SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below), the
+ lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is
overwritten. If HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is unset, or if the history file is
- unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable
- is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the
- history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses-
- sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time-
+ unwritable, the history is not saved. If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable
+ is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the
+ history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses-
+ sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time-
stamps from other history lines. After saving the history, the history
file is truncated to contain no more than HHIISSTTFFIILLEESSIIZZEE lines. If HHIISSTT--
- FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric
+ FFIILLEESSIIZZEE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric
value less than zero, the history file is not truncated.
- The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used
+ The builtin command ffcc (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below) may be used
to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The hhiiss--
- ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and
- manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
- commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
+ ttoorryy builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and
+ manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
+ commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
history list.
- The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
+ The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
list. The HHIISSTTCCOONNTTRROOLL and HHIISSTTIIGGNNOORREE variables may be set to cause the
shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The ccmmddhhiisstt shell
- option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
- multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
- necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option
- causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
+ option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
+ multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
+ necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The lliitthhiisstt shell option
+ causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
semicolons. See the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below under SSHHEELLLL
BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS for information on setting and unsetting shell
options.
HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN
- The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
- history expansion in ccsshh.. This section describes what syntax features
- are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
+ The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
+ history expansion in ccsshh.. This section describes what syntax features
+ are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
shells, and can be disabled using the ++HH option to the sseett builtin com-
mand (see SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS below). Non-interactive shells do not
perform history expansion by default.
History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input
- stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
+ stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous
commands quickly.
- History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
- read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two
- parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to
+ History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
+ read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two
+ parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to
use during substitution. The second is to select portions of that line
for inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the history
- is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are
- _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are available to manipulate the selected
+ is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are
+ _w_o_r_d_s. Various _m_o_d_i_f_i_e_r_s are available to manipulate the selected
words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when read-
- ing input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r-separated words surrounded by
- quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by
- the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !! by
- default. Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history
- expansion character, but the history expansion character is also
- treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote
+ ing input, so that several _m_e_t_a_c_h_a_r_a_c_t_e_r-separated words surrounded by
+ quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by
+ the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !! by
+ default. Only backslash (\\) and single quotes can quote the history
+ expansion character, but the history expansion character is also
+ treated as quoted if it immediately precedes the closing double quote
in a double-quoted string.
- Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
- lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
- tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is
+ Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
+ lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
+ tab, newline, carriage return, and ==. If the eexxttgglloobb shell option is
enabled, (( will also inhibit expansion.
- Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to
- tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell
+ Several shell options settable with the sshhoopptt builtin may be used to
+ tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the hhiissttvveerriiffyy shell
option is enabled (see the description of the sshhoopptt builtin below), and
- rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
- passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
+ rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
+ passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer for further modification. If rreeaaddlliinnee
- is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed
- history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer
- for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be
- used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss
+ is being used, and the hhiissttrreeeeddiitt shell option is enabled, a failed
+ history substitution will be reloaded into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer
+ for correction. The --pp option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin command may be
+ used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The --ss
option to the hhiissttoorryy builtin may be used to add commands to the end of
- the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
+ the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
available for subsequent recall.
- The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
+ The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
expansion mechanism (see the description of hhiissttcchhaarrss above under SShheellll
- VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
+ VVaarriiaabblleess). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
tory timestamps when writing the history file.
EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss
- An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
- tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
+ An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
+ tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
the current position in the history list.
- !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk,
- newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option
+ !! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a bbllaannkk,
+ newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the eexxttgglloobb shell option
is enabled using the sshhoopptt builtin).
!!_n Refer to command line _n.
!!--_n Refer to the current command minus _n.
!!!! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'.
!!_s_t_r_i_n_g
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
in the history list starting with _s_t_r_i_n_g.
!!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]]
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
- in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ in the history list containing _s_t_r_i_n_g. The trailing ?? may be
omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed immediately by a newline.
^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^
- Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
- _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/''
+ Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
+ _s_t_r_i_n_g_1 with _s_t_r_i_n_g_2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/''
(see MMooddiiffiieerrss below).
!!## The entire command line typed so far.
WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss
- Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A ::
- separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
- omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words
- are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
- denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
+ Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A ::
+ separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
+ omitted if the word designator begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%. Words
+ are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
+ denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
rated by single spaces.
00 ((zzeerroo))
The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word.
_n The _nth word.
^^ The first argument. That is, word 1.
- $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will
+ $$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will
expand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line.
%% The word matched by the most recent `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?' search.
_x--_y A range of words; `-_y' abbreviates `0-_y'.
- ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'.
- It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the
+ ** All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_1_-_$'.
+ It is not an error to use ** if there is just one word in the
event; the empty string is returned in that case.
xx** Abbreviates _x_-_$.
xx-- Abbreviates _x_-_$ like xx**, but omits the last word.
- If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
+ If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event.
MMooddiiffiieerrss
- After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
+ After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'.
hh Remove a trailing filename component, leaving only the head.
@@ -4011,80 +4014,80 @@ HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN
ee Remove all but the trailing suffix.
pp Print the new command but do not execute it.
qq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
- xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at
+ xx Quote the substituted words as with qq, but break into words at
bbllaannkkss and newlines.
ss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//
- Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event
- line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final
- delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event
- line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single
- backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin-
- gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to
- the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu-
+ Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of _o_l_d in the event
+ line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final
+ delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event
+ line. The delimiter may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with a single
+ backslash. If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d. A sin-
+ gle backslash will quote the &. If _o_l_d is null, it is set to
+ the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if no previous history substitu-
tions took place, the last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]] search.
&& Repeat the previous substitution.
gg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is
- used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'.
- If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
- the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g., `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//') or `::&&'.
+ If used with `::ss', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
+ the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
the event line. An aa may be used as a synonym for gg.
- GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event
+ GG Apply the following `ss' modifier once to each word in the event
line.
SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section
as accepting options preceded by -- accepts ---- to signify the end of the
- options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not accept options
- and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn--
- ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
- with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but
- are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
- with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta-
+ options. The ::, ttrruuee, ffaallssee, and tteesstt builtins do not accept options
+ and do not treat ---- specially. The eexxiitt, llooggoouutt, rreettuurrnn, bbrreeaakk, ccoonn--
+ ttiinnuuee, lleett, and sshhiifftt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
+ with -- without requiring ----. Other builtins that accept arguments but
+ are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
+ with -- as invalid options and require ---- to prevent this interpreta-
tion.
:: [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]
- No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s
+ No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s
and performing any specified redirections. The return status is
zero.
.. _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]
ssoouurrccee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]
- Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell
- environment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
- cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash,
- filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing
+ Read and execute commands from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e in the current shell
+ environment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
+ cuted from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e does not contain a slash,
+ filenames in PPAATTHH are used to find the directory containing
_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e. The file searched for in PPAATTHH need not be executable.
- When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is
- searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option
- to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not
- searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi-
- tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the
- positional parameters are unchanged. If the --TT option is
- enabled, ssoouurrccee inherits any trap on DDEEBBUUGG; if it is not, any
- DDEEBBUUGG trap string is saved and restored around the call to
- ssoouurrccee, and ssoouurrccee unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it executes. If
- --TT is not set, and the sourced file changes the DDEEBBUUGG trap, the
- new value is retained when ssoouurrccee completes. The return status
+ When bbaasshh is not in _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e, the current directory is
+ searched if no file is found in PPAATTHH. If the ssoouurrcceeppaatthh option
+ to the sshhoopptt builtin command is turned off, the PPAATTHH is not
+ searched. If any _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s are supplied, they become the posi-
+ tional parameters when _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is executed. Otherwise the
+ positional parameters are unchanged. If the --TT option is
+ enabled, ssoouurrccee inherits any trap on DDEEBBUUGG; if it is not, any
+ DDEEBBUUGG trap string is saved and restored around the call to
+ ssoouurrccee, and ssoouurrccee unsets the DDEEBBUUGG trap while it executes. If
+ --TT is not set, and the sourced file changes the DDEEBBUUGG trap, the
+ new value is retained when ssoouurrccee completes. The return status
is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 if
no commands are executed), and false if _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is not found or
cannot be read.
aalliiaass [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...]
AAlliiaass with no arguments or with the --pp option prints the list of
- aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When
- arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose
- _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word
+ aliases in the form aalliiaass _n_a_m_e=_v_a_l_u_e on standard output. When
+ arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _n_a_m_e whose
+ _v_a_l_u_e is given. A trailing space in _v_a_l_u_e causes the next word
to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
- For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup-
- plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass
- returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been
+ For each _n_a_m_e in the argument list for which no _v_a_l_u_e is sup-
+ plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. AAlliiaass
+ returns true unless a _n_a_m_e is given for which no alias has been
defined.
bbgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ...]
- Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it
+ Resume each suspended job _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the background, as if it
had been started with &&. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's
- notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless
- run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
- enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started
+ notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. bbgg _j_o_b_s_p_e_c returns 0 unless
+ run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
+ enabled, any specified _j_o_b_s_p_e_c was not found or was started
without job control.
bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] [--llppssvvPPSSVVXX]
@@ -4093,29 +4096,29 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] --xx _k_e_y_s_e_q:_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e
bbiinndd [--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p] _k_e_y_s_e_q:_r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
- Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key
- sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee
- variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would
- appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed
- as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.
+ Display current rreeaaddlliinnee key and function bindings, bind a key
+ sequence to a rreeaaddlliinnee function or macro, or set a rreeaaddlliinnee
+ variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would
+ appear in _._i_n_p_u_t_r_c, but each binding or command must be passed
+ as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
--mm _k_e_y_m_a_p
Use _k_e_y_m_a_p as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent
bindings. Acceptable _k_e_y_m_a_p names are _e_m_a_c_s_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_-
- _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d,
- and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e
- is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_-
+ _d_a_r_d_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_m_e_t_a_, _e_m_a_c_s_-_c_t_l_x_, _v_i_, _v_i_-_m_o_v_e_, _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d,
+ and _v_i_-_i_n_s_e_r_t. _v_i is equivalent to _v_i_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d (_v_i_-_m_o_v_e
+ is also a synonym); _e_m_a_c_s is equivalent to _e_m_a_c_s_-_s_t_a_n_-
_d_a_r_d.
--ll List the names of all rreeaaddlliinnee functions.
- --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a
+ --pp Display rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings in such a
way that they can be re-read.
--PP List current rreeaaddlliinnee function names and bindings.
- --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
+ --ss Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
read.
- --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the
+ --SS Display rreeaaddlliinnee key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output.
- --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way
+ --vv Display rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values in such a way
that they can be re-read.
--VV List current rreeaaddlliinnee variable names and values.
--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
@@ -4127,174 +4130,174 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
--rr _k_e_y_s_e_q
Remove any current binding for _k_e_y_s_e_q.
--xx _k_e_y_s_e_q::_s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
- Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is
- entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets
- the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd--
- lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the
+ Cause _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed whenever _k_e_y_s_e_q is
+ entered. When _s_h_e_l_l_-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed, the shell sets
+ the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE variable to the contents of the rreeaadd--
+ lliinnee line buffer and the RREEAADDLLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT variable to the
current location of the insertion point. If the executed
- command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD--
- LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the
+ command changes the value of RREEAADDLLIINNEE__LLIINNEE or RREEAADD--
+ LLIINNEE__PPOOIINNTT, those new values will be reflected in the
editing state.
- --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
- associated commands in a format that can be reused as
+ --XX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
+ associated commands in a format that can be reused as
input.
- The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
+ The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
an error occurred.
bbrreeaakk [_n]
- Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is
- specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater
- than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are
- exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or
+ Exit from within a ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or sseelleecctt loop. If _n is
+ specified, break _n levels. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater
+ than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are
+ exited. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater than or
equal to 1.
bbuuiillttiinn _s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]
- Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and
+ Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s, and
return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function
- whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
+ whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
tionality of the builtin within the function. The ccdd builtin is
- commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
+ commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
_s_h_e_l_l_-_b_u_i_l_t_i_n is not a shell builtin command.
ccaalllleerr [_e_x_p_r]
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
tion or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins). With-
out _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number and source filename of
- the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
+ the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
plied as _e_x_p_r, ccaalllleerr displays the line number, subroutine name,
- and source file corresponding to that position in the current
- execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
- example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
- The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
- routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in
+ and source file corresponding to that position in the current
+ execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
+ example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
+ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
+ routine call or _e_x_p_r does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
ccdd [--LL|[--PP [--ee]] [-@]] [_d_i_r]
- Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied,
- the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. Any addi-
+ Change the current directory to _d_i_r. if _d_i_r is not supplied,
+ the value of the HHOOMMEE shell variable is the default. Any addi-
tional arguments following _d_i_r are ignored. The variable CCDDPPAATTHH
- defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r: each
- directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is searched for _d_i_r. Alternative
- directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null
- directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory,
+ defines the search path for the directory containing _d_i_r: each
+ directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is searched for _d_i_r. Alternative
+ directory names in CCDDPPAATTHH are separated by a colon (:). A null
+ directory name in CCDDPPAATTHH is the same as the current directory,
i.e., ``..''. If _d_i_r begins with a slash (/), then CCDDPPAATTHH is not
- used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory
- structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _d_i_r and
+ used. The --PP option causes ccdd to use the physical directory
+ structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _d_i_r and
before processing instances of _._. in _d_i_r (see also the --PP option
to the sseett builtin command); the --LL option forces symbolic links
- to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances
+ to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances
of _._. in _d_i_r. If _._. appears in _d_i_r, it is processed by removing
- the immediately previous pathname component from _d_i_r, back to a
- slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee option is supplied
- with --PP, and the current working directory cannot be success-
- fully determined after a successful directory change, ccdd will
- return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the
- --@@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a
- file as a directory. An argument of -- is converted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD
+ the immediately previous pathname component from _d_i_r, back to a
+ slash or the beginning of _d_i_r. If the --ee option is supplied
+ with --PP, and the current working directory cannot be success-
+ fully determined after a successful directory change, ccdd will
+ return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the
+ --@@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a
+ file as a directory. An argument of -- is converted to $$OOLLDDPPWWDD
before the directory change is attempted. If a non-empty direc-
- tory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argument,
+ tory name from CCDDPPAATTHH is used, or if -- is the first argument,
and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of
- the new working directory is written to the standard output.
- The return value is true if the directory was successfully
+ the new working directory is written to the standard output.
+ The return value is true if the directory was successfully
changed; false otherwise.
ccoommmmaanndd [--ppVVvv] _c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g ...]
- Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function
+ Run _c_o_m_m_a_n_d with _a_r_g_s suppressing the normal shell function
lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the PPAATTHH are
- executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is
- performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to
- find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv
+ executed. If the --pp option is given, the search for _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is
+ performed using a default value for PPAATTHH that is guaranteed to
+ find all of the standard utilities. If either the --VV or --vv
option is supplied, a description of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is printed. The --vv
- option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
+ option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
used to invoke _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be displayed; the --VV option produces a
- more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied,
- the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If
+ more verbose description. If the --VV or --vv option is supplied,
+ the exit status is 0 if _c_o_m_m_a_n_d was found, and 1 if not. If
neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can-
- not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
+ not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
tus of the ccoommmmaanndd builtin is the exit status of _c_o_m_m_a_n_d.
ccoommppggeenn [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_w_o_r_d]
- Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the
- _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee
- builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches
- to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the
- various shell variables set by the programmable completion
+ Generate possible completion matches for _w_o_r_d according to the
+ _o_p_t_i_o_ns, which may be any option accepted by the ccoommpplleettee
+ builtin with the exception of --pp and --rr, and write the matches
+ to the standard output. When using the --FF or --CC options, the
+ various shell variables set by the programmable completion
facilities, while available, will not have useful values.
The matches will be generated in the same way as if the program-
mable completion code had generated them directly from a comple-
- tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified,
+ tion specification with the same flags. If _w_o_r_d is specified,
only those completions matching _w_o_r_d will be displayed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_-
+ ccoommpplleettee [--aabbccddeeffggjjkkssuuvv] [--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n] [--GG _g_l_o_b_-
_p_a_t] [--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t] [--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n] [--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d]
[--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t] [--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x] [--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e _._._.]
ccoommpplleettee --pprr [--DDEE] [_n_a_m_e ...]
- Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the
- --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
- completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
+ Specify how arguments to each _n_a_m_e should be completed. If the
+ --pp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+ completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
to be reused as input. The --rr option removes a completion spec-
- ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com-
+ ification for each _n_a_m_e, or, if no _n_a_m_es are supplied, all com-
pletion specifications. The --DD option indicates that the
- remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
- command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
- for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE
- option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
- apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
+ remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
+ command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
+ for which no completion has previously been defined. The --EE
+ option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+ apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
attempted on a blank line.
- The process of applying these completion specifications when
- word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraamm--
+ The process of applying these completion specifications when
+ word completion is attempted is described above under PPrrooggrraamm--
mmaabbllee CCoommpplleettiioonn.
- Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
- arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the
- --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the --GG, --WW, and --XX options (and, if necessary, the
+ --PP and --SS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the ccoommpplleettee builtin is invoked.
--oo _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n
- The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp-
- spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ The _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
tions. _c_o_m_p_-_o_p_t_i_o_n may be one of:
bbaasshhddeeffaauulltt
Perform the rest of the default bbaasshh completions
if the compspec generates no matches.
- ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if
+ ddeeffaauulltt Use readline's default filename completion if
the compspec generates no matches.
ddiirrnnaammeess
- Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
spec generates no matches.
ffiilleennaammeess
- Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
- names, so it can perform any filename-specific
- processing (like adding a slash to directory
- names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
- ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
+ Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (like adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
- nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words
- if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
+ nnooqquuoottee Tell readline not to quote the completed words
+ if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
default).
- nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
+ nnoossoorrtt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
completions alphabetically.
- nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the
- default) to words completed at the end of the
+ nnoossppaaccee Tell readline not to append a space (the
+ default) to words completed at the end of the
line.
pplluussddiirrss
- After any matches defined by the compspec are
- generated, directory name completion is
- attempted and any matches are added to the
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ generated, directory name completion is
+ attempted and any matches are added to the
results of the other actions.
--AA _a_c_t_i_o_n
- The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _a_c_t_i_o_n may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
aalliiaass Alias names. May also be specified as --aa.
aarrrraayyvvaarr
Array variable names.
bbiinnddiinngg RReeaaddlliinnee key binding names.
- bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ bbuuiillttiinn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as --bb.
ccoommmmaanndd Command names. May also be specified as --cc.
ddiirreeccttoorryy
@@ -4302,7 +4305,7 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
ddiissaabblleedd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
eennaabblleedd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ eexxppoorrtt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as --ee.
ffiillee File names. May also be specified as --ff.
ffuunnccttiioonn
@@ -4311,17 +4314,17 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
hheellppttooppiicc
Help topics as accepted by the hheellpp builtin.
hhoossttnnaammee
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the HHOOSSTTFFIILLEE shell variable.
- jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ jjoobb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as --jj.
- kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ kkeeyywwoorrdd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
--kk.
rruunnnniinngg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
sseerrvviiccee Service names. May also be specified as --ss.
- sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett
+ sseettoopptt Valid arguments for the --oo option to the sseett
builtin.
- sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt
+ sshhoopptt Shell option names as accepted by the sshhoopptt
builtin.
ssiiggnnaall Signal names.
ssttooppppeedd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
@@ -4330,188 +4333,188 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as --vv.
--CC _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
- _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is executed in a subshell environment, and its
output is used as the possible completions.
--FF _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n
- The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current
- shell environment. When the function is executed, the
- first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose
- arguments are being completed, the second argument ($$22)
+ The shell function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When the function is executed, the
+ first argument ($$11) is the name of the command whose
+ arguments are being completed, the second argument ($$22)
is the word being completed, and the third argument ($$33)
- is the word preceding the word being completed on the
- current command line. When it finishes, the possible
- completions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREE--
+ is the word preceding the word being completed on the
+ current command line. When it finishes, the possible
+ completions are retrieved from the value of the CCOOMMPPRREE--
PPLLYY array variable.
--GG _g_l_o_b_p_a_t
- The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to
+ The pathname expansion pattern _g_l_o_b_p_a_t is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
--PP _p_r_e_f_i_x
- _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ _p_r_e_f_i_x is added at the beginning of each possible com-
pletion after all other options have been applied.
--SS _s_u_f_f_i_x
_s_u_f_f_i_x is appended to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
--WW _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t
- The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS
- special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
- is expanded. The possible completions are the members
- of the resultant list which match the word being com-
+ The _w_o_r_d_l_i_s_t is split using the characters in the IIFFSS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. The possible completions are the members
+ of the resultant list which match the word being com-
pleted.
--XX _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t
- _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list.
- A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed from the list.
+ A leading !! in _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t negates the pattern; in this
case, any completion not matching _f_i_l_t_e_r_p_a_t is removed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
- an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu-
- ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ an option other than --pp or --rr is supplied without a _n_a_m_e argu-
+ ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
for a _n_a_m_e for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
ccoommppoopptt [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [--DDEE] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e]
Modify completion options for each _n_a_m_e according to the
- _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es
- are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion
- options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible
- values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin
- described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining
+ _o_p_t_i_o_ns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _n_a_m_es
+ are supplied. If no _o_p_t_i_o_ns are given, display the completion
+ options for each _n_a_m_e or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _o_p_t_i_o_n are those valid for the ccoommpplleettee builtin
+ described above. The --DD option indicates that the remaining
options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
- is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
- has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the
- remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
+ is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
+ has previously been defined. The --EE option indicates that the
+ remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _n_a_m_e for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
ccoonnttiinnuuee [_n]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing ffoorr, wwhhiillee, uunnttiill, or
- sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing
- loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of
- enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
+ sseelleecctt loop. If _n is specified, resume at the _nth enclosing
+ loop. _n must be >= 1. If _n is greater than the number of
+ enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _n is not greater
than or equal to 1.
ddeeccllaarree [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...]
ttyyppeesseett [--aaAAffFFggiillnnrrttuuxx] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are
- given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _n_a_m_es are
+ given then display the values of variables. The --pp option will
display the attributes and values of each _n_a_m_e. When --pp is used
- with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF,
- are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it
- will display the attributes and values of all variables having
+ with _n_a_m_e arguments, additional options, other than --ff and --FF,
+ are ignored. When --pp is supplied without _n_a_m_e arguments, it
+ will display the attributes and values of all variables having
the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other
- options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the
- attributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option
- will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option
- inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function
- name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option
- is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number
+ options are supplied with --pp, ddeeccllaarree will display the
+ attributes and values of all shell variables. The --ff option
+ will restrict the display to shell functions. The --FF option
+ inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function
+ name and attributes are printed. If the eexxttddeebbuugg shell option
+ is enabled using sshhoopptt, the source file name and line number
where each _n_a_m_e is defined are displayed as well. The --FF option
- implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or
+ implies --ff. The --gg option forces variables to be created or
modified at the global scope, even when ddeeccllaarree is executed in a
- shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow-
+ shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow-
ing options can be used to restrict output to variables with the
specified attribute or to give variables attributes:
- --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss
+ --aa Each _n_a_m_e is an indexed array variable (see AArrrraayyss
above).
- --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss
+ --AA Each _n_a_m_e is an associative array variable (see AArrrraayyss
above).
--ff Use function names only.
--ii The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when
+ tion (see AARRIITTHHMMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ --ll When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
- --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name
- reference to another variable. That other variable is
- defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign-
- ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those
- using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed
- on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref
+ --nn Give each _n_a_m_e the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute, making it a name
+ reference to another variable. That other variable is
+ defined by the value of _n_a_m_e. All references, assign-
+ ments, and attribute modifications to _n_a_m_e, except those
+ using or changing the --nn attribute itself, are performed
+ on the variable referenced by _n_a_m_e's value. The nameref
attribute cannot be applied to array variables.
--rr Make _n_a_m_es readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
- --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions
- inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling
- shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
+ --tt Give each _n_a_m_e the _t_r_a_c_e attribute. Traced functions
+ inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps from the calling
+ shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
variables.
- --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ --uu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the
+ --xx Mark _n_a_m_es for export to subsequent commands via the
environment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
the exceptions that ++aa may not be used to destroy an array vari-
- able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
+ able and ++rr will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
in a function, ddeeccllaarree and ttyyppeesseett make each _n_a_m_e local, as with
the llooccaall command, unless the --gg option is supplied. If a vari-
- able name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable is
- set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assignment
- syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do not
+ able name is followed by =_v_a_l_u_e, the value of the variable is
+ set to _v_a_l_u_e. When using --aa or --AA and the compound assignment
+ syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do not
take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value is 0
- unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to
- define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to
- assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to
- assign a value to an array variable without using the compound
- assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a
- valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
- only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
+ unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to
+ define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to
+ assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to
+ assign a value to an array variable without using the compound
+ assignment syntax (see AArrrraayyss above), one of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a
+ valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
+ only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to
display a non-existent function with --ff.
ddiirrss [[--ccllppvv]] [[++_n]] [[--_n]]
- Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
- directories. The default display is on a single line with
- directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
- the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes
- entries from the list. The current directory is always the
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
+ directories. The default display is on a single line with
+ directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
+ the list with the ppuusshhdd command; the ppooppdd command removes
+ entries from the list. The current directory is always the
first directory in the stack.
--cc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the
entries.
- --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
+ --ll Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
--pp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ --vv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
++_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the
+ --_n Displays the _nth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by ddiirrss when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _n
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
ddiissoowwnn [--aarr] [--hh] [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c ... | _p_i_d ... ]
- Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active
- jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr
- option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option
- is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is
- marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell
- receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option
- means to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_-
- _s_p_e_c argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return
+ Without options, remove each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c from the table of active
+ jobs. If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, and neither the --aa nor the --rr
+ option is supplied, the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b is used. If the --hh option
+ is given, each _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not removed from the table, but is
+ marked so that SSIIGGHHUUPP is not sent to the job if the shell
+ receives a SSIIGGHHUUPP. If no _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied, the --aa option
+ means to remove or mark all jobs; the --rr option without a _j_o_b_-
+ _s_p_e_c argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return
value is 0 unless a _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not specify a valid job.
eecchhoo [--nneeEE] [_a_r_g ...]
- Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
- The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is
+ Output the _a_r_gs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If --nn is
specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the --ee option
- is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
- characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta-
- tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
- interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used
- to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these
- escape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to
- mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape
+ is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
+ characters is enabled. The --EE option disables the interpreta-
+ tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
+ interpreted by default. The xxppgg__eecchhoo shell option may be used
+ to dynamically determine whether or not eecchhoo expands these
+ escape characters by default. eecchhoo does not interpret ---- to
+ mean the end of options. eecchhoo interprets the following escape
sequences:
\\aa alert (bell)
\\bb backspace
@@ -4524,189 +4527,189 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
\\tt horizontal tab
\\vv vertical tab
\\\\ backslash
- \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\00_n_n_n the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_n_n_n (zero to three octal digits)
- \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\xx_H_H the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _H_H (one or two hex digits)
- \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\uu_H_H_H_H the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H (one to four hex digits)
\\UU_H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _H_H_H_H_H_H_H_H (one to eight hex digits)
eennaabbllee [--aa] [--ddnnppss] [--ff _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [_n_a_m_e ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If --nn is used, each _n_a_m_e is disabled; otherwise, _n_a_m_e_s are
enabled. For example, to use the tteesstt binary found via the PPAATTHH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The --ff option means to load the new builtin command _n_a_m_e from
shared object _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e, on systems that support dynamic loading.
- The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff.
+ The --dd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with --ff.
If no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied,
a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu-
- ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn
- is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup-
- plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
- tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the
- output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return
- value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an
+ ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If --nn
+ is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If --aa is sup-
+ plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
+ tion of whether or not each is enabled. If --ss is supplied, the
+ output is restricted to the POSIX _s_p_e_c_i_a_l builtins. The return
+ value is 0 unless a _n_a_m_e is not a shell builtin or there is an
error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
eevvaall [_a_r_g ...]
- The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are
+ The _a_r_gs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of eevvaall. If there are
no _a_r_g_s, or only null arguments, eevvaall returns 0.
eexxeecc [--ccll] [--aa _n_a_m_e] [_c_o_m_m_a_n_d [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]]
- If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If
+ If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s become the arguments to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. If
the --ll option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
- ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what
+ ning of the zeroth argument passed to _c_o_m_m_a_n_d. This is what
_l_o_g_i_n(1) does. The --cc option causes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d to be executed with
- an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e
+ an empty environment. If --aa is supplied, the shell passes _n_a_m_e
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the eexxeeccffaaiill shell option is enabled. In that case, it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
file cannot be executed. If _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is not specified, any redi-
rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status
is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
eexxiitt [_n]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _n. If _n is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
EEXXIITT is executed before the shell terminates.
eexxppoorrtt [--ffnn] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d]] ...
eexxppoorrtt --pp
- The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is
- given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or
- if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
- variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property
+ The supplied _n_a_m_e_s are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the --ff option is
+ given, the _n_a_m_e_s refer to functions. If no _n_a_m_e_s are given, or
+ if the --pp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
+ variables is printed. The --nn option causes the export property
to be removed from each _n_a_m_e. If a variable name is followed by
=_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. eexxppoorrtt returns
an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one
- of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup-
+ of the _n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is sup-
plied with a _n_a_m_e that is not a function.
ffcc [--ee _e_n_a_m_e] [--llnnrr] [_f_i_r_s_t] [_l_a_s_t]
ffcc --ss [_p_a_t=_r_e_p] [_c_m_d]
- The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t
- from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
- them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate
- the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
- index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
- an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not
- specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that
- ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t other-
- wise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified it is set to the previous com-
+ The first form selects a range of commands from _f_i_r_s_t to _l_a_s_t
+ from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
+ them. _F_i_r_s_t and _l_a_s_t may be specified as a string (to locate
+ the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
+ index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
+ an offset from the current command number). If _l_a_s_t is not
+ specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that
+ ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _f_i_r_s_t other-
+ wise. If _f_i_r_s_t is not specified it is set to the previous com-
mand for editing and -16 for listing.
- The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
- --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option
- is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
- wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing
- those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT
- variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set.
- If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com-
+ The --nn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ --rr option reverses the order of the commands. If the --ll option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _e_n_a_m_e is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _e_n_a_m_e is not given, the value of the FFCCEEDDIITT
+ variable is used, and the value of EEDDIITTOORR if FFCCEEDDIITT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, _v_i is used. When editing is com-
plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
- In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance
- of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is intepreted the same as
- _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
- so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
+ In the second form, _c_o_m_m_a_n_d is re-executed after each instance
+ of _p_a_t is replaced by _r_e_p. _C_o_m_m_a_n_d is intepreted the same as
+ _f_i_r_s_t above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
+ so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command.
- If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
- invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history
- lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered or _f_i_r_s_t or _l_a_s_t specify history
+ lines out of range. If the --ee option is supplied, the return
value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
- form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
- cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _c_m_d does not specify a valid history line, in
which case ffcc returns failure.
ffgg [_j_o_b_s_p_e_c]
- Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ Resume _j_o_b_s_p_e_c in the foreground, and make it the current job.
If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is not present, the shell's notion of the _c_u_r_r_e_n_t _j_o_b
- is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
- the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
or, when run with job control enabled, if _j_o_b_s_p_e_c does not spec-
- ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started
+ ify a valid job or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c specifies a job that was started
without job control.
ggeettooppttss _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g _n_a_m_e [_a_r_g_s]
- ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
- ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog-
- nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
- expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
- by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
- be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss
- places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing
+ ggeettooppttss is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
+ expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
+ by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
+ be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, ggeettooppttss
+ places the next option in the shell variable _n_a_m_e, initializing
_n_a_m_e if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
be processed into the variable OOPPTTIINNDD. OOPPTTIINNDD is initialized to
- 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
- option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into
- the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati-
- cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
+ 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
+ option requires an argument, ggeettooppttss places that argument into
+ the variable OOPPTTAARRGG. The shell does not reset OOPPTTIINNDD automati-
+ cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
ggeettooppttss within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame-
ters is to be used.
- When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a
- return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of
+ When the end of options is encountered, ggeettooppttss exits with a
+ return value greater than zero. OOPPTTIINNDD is set to the index of
the first non-option argument, and _n_a_m_e is set to ?.
- ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ ggeettooppttss normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
arguments are given in _a_r_g_s, ggeettooppttss parses those instead.
- ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In
- normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
- options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
- variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ ggeettooppttss can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is a colon, _s_i_l_e_n_t error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable OOPPTTEERRRR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _o_p_t_s_t_r_i_n_g is not a colon.
If an invalid option is seen, ggeettooppttss places ? into _n_a_m_e and, if
- not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If
- ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets OOPPTTAARRGG. If
+ ggeettooppttss is silent, the option character found is placed in
OOPPTTAARRGG and no diagnostic message is printed.
- If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent,
- a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a
- diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a
- colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option
+ If a required argument is not found, and ggeettooppttss is not silent,
+ a question mark (??) is placed in _n_a_m_e, OOPPTTAARRGG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If ggeettooppttss is silent, then a
+ colon (::) is placed in _n_a_m_e and OOPPTTAARRGG is set to the option
character found.
- ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ ggeettooppttss returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
hhaasshh [--llrr] [--pp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] [--ddtt] [_n_a_m_e]
Each time hhaasshh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _n_a_m_e
- is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem-
+ is determined by searching the directories in $$PPAATTHH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
--pp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
- is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option
- causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd
- option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
- each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to
- which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu-
- ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the
- hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis-
+ is used as the full filename of the command. The --rr option
+ causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The --dd
+ option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
+ each _n_a_m_e. If the --tt option is supplied, the full pathname to
+ which each _n_a_m_e corresponds is printed. If multiple _n_a_m_e argu-
+ ments are supplied with --tt, the _n_a_m_e is printed before the
+ hashed full pathname. The --ll option causes output to be dis-
played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments
- are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem-
- bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
+ are given, or if only --ll is supplied, information about remem-
+ bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
_n_a_m_e is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
hheellpp [--ddmmss] [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
- is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
+ is specified, hheellpp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _p_a_t_t_e_r_n; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
--dd Display a short description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
--mm Display the description of each _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in a manpage-like
@@ -4723,45 +4726,45 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
hhiissttoorryy --ss _a_r_g [_a_r_g _._._.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a ** have been modified. An argument of
- _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE--
- FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _n lists only the last _n lines. If the shell variable HHIISSTTTTIIMMEE--
+ FFOORRMMAATT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of HHIISSTTFFIILLEE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
--cc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
--dd _o_f_f_s_e_t
Delete the history entry at position _o_f_f_s_e_t.
- --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
- These are history lines entered since the beginning of
+ --aa Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
+ These are history lines entered since the beginning of
the current bbaasshh session, but not already appended to the
history file.
- --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines
- appended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ --nn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines
+ appended to the history file since the beginning of the
current bbaasshh session.
- --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to
+ --rr Read the contents of the history file and append them to
the current history list.
--ww Write the current history list to the history file, over-
writing the history file's contents.
- --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be
+ --pp Perform history substitution on the following _a_r_g_s and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _a_r_g must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ --ss Store the _a_r_g_s in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _a_r_g_s are added.
- If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the HHIISSTTTTIIMMEEFFOORRMMAATT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is
0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup-
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _o_f_f_s_e_t is sup-
plied as an argument to --dd, or the history expansion supplied as
an argument to --pp fails.
@@ -4770,208 +4773,208 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
--ll List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ --nn Display information only about jobs that have changed
status since the user was last notified of their status.
- --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ --pp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
--rr Display only running jobs.
--ss Display only stopped jobs.
- If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _j_o_b_s_p_e_c is supplied.
If the --xx option is supplied, jjoobbss replaces any _j_o_b_s_p_e_c found in
- _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and
+ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d or _a_r_g_s with the corresponding process group ID, and
executes _c_o_m_m_a_n_d passing it _a_r_g_s, returning its exit status.
kkiillll [--ss _s_i_g_s_p_e_c | --nn _s_i_g_n_u_m | --_s_i_g_s_p_e_c] [_p_i_d | _j_o_b_s_p_e_c] ...
kkiillll --ll|--LL [_s_i_g_s_p_e_c | _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s]
- Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes
- named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or
- a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not
- present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _s_i_g_s_p_e_c or _s_i_g_n_u_m to the processes
+ named by _p_i_d or _j_o_b_s_p_e_c. _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as SSIIGGKKIILLLL (with or without the SSIIGG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _s_i_g_n_u_m is a signal number. If _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is not
+ present, then SSIIGGTTEERRMM is assumed. An argument of --ll lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when --ll is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _e_x_i_t___s_t_a_t_u_s argument to
- --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is
- equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was
- successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid
+ --ll is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. The --LL option is
+ equivalent to --ll. kkiillll returns true if at least one signal was
+ successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid
option is encountered.
lleett _a_r_g [_a_r_g ...]
Each _a_r_g is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see AARRIITTHH--
- MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett
+ MMEETTIICC EEVVAALLUUAATTIIOONN above). If the last _a_r_g evaluates to 0, lleett
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
llooccaall [_o_p_t_i_o_n] [_n_a_m_e[=_v_a_l_u_e] ... | - ]
- For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and
- assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _n_a_m_e is created, and
+ assigned _v_a_l_u_e. The _o_p_t_i_o_n can be any of the options accepted
by ddeeccllaarree. When llooccaall is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
- tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options
- is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell
- options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are
- restored to their original values when the function returns.
- With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the
- standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a
+ variable _n_a_m_e to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. If _n_a_m_e is -, the set of shell options
+ is made local to the function in which llooccaall is invoked: shell
+ options changed using the sseett builtin inside the function are
+ restored to their original values when the function returns.
+ With no operands, llooccaall writes a list of local variables to the
+ standard output. It is an error to use llooccaall when not within a
function. The return status is 0 unless llooccaall is used outside a
- function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly
+ function, an invalid _n_a_m_e is supplied, or _n_a_m_e is a readonly
variable.
llooggoouutt Exit a login shell.
- mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC
+ mmaappffiillee [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC
_c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y]
rreeaaddaarrrraayy [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--nn _c_o_u_n_t] [--OO _o_r_i_g_i_n] [--ss _c_o_u_n_t] [--tt] [--uu _f_d] [--CC
_c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k] [--cc _q_u_a_n_t_u_m] [_a_r_r_a_y]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup-
- plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _a_r_r_a_y, or from file descriptor _f_d if the --uu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable MMAAPPFFIILLEE is the default _a_r_r_a_y. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each
+ --dd The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate each
input line, rather than newline.
- --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are
+ --nn Copy at most _c_o_u_n_t lines. If _c_o_u_n_t is 0, all lines are
copied.
- --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default
+ --OO Begin assigning to _a_r_r_a_y at index _o_r_i_g_i_n. The default
index is 0.
--ss Discard the first _c_o_u_n_t lines read.
- --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line
+ --tt Remove a trailing _d_e_l_i_m (default newline) from each line
read.
- --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan-
+ --uu Read lines from file descriptor _f_d instead of the stan-
dard input.
- --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The
+ --CC Evaluate _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k each time _q_u_a_n_t_u_m lines are read. The
--cc option specifies _q_u_a_n_t_u_m.
- --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ --cc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k.
- If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If --CC is specified without --cc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _c_a_l_l_b_a_c_k is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, mmaappffiillee will clear
_a_r_r_a_y before assigning to it.
- mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ mmaappffiillee returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _a_r_r_a_y is invalid or unassignable, or if
_a_r_r_a_y is not an indexed array.
ppooppdd [-nn] [+_n] [-_n]
- Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
- removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to
+ Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
+ removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a ccdd to
the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow-
ing meanings:
- --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
- directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
+ --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
- ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ ++_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second.
--_n Removes the _nth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by ddiirrss, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well,
- and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid
+ If the ppooppdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well,
+ and the return status is 0. ppooppdd returns false if an invalid
option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis-
tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change
fails.
pprriinnttff [--vv _v_a_r] _f_o_r_m_a_t [_a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s]
- Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the
- control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be
- assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the
+ Write the formatted _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s to the standard output under the
+ control of the _f_o_r_m_a_t. The --vv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _v_a_r rather than being printed to the
standard output.
- The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In
+ The _f_o_r_m_a_t is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t. In
addition to the standard _p_r_i_n_t_f(1) format specifications, pprriinnttff
interprets the following extensions:
%%bb causes pprriinnttff to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in the same way as eecchhoo --ee.
- %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a
+ %%qq causes pprriinnttff to output the corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t in a
format that can be reused as shell input.
%%((_d_a_t_e_f_m_t))TT
- causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3).
+ causes pprriinnttff to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _d_a_t_e_f_m_t as a format string for _s_t_r_f_t_i_m_e(3).
The corresponding _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
- -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no
- argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had
- been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no
+ argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had
+ been given. This is an exception to the usual pprriinnttff
behavior.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_-
+ The _f_o_r_m_a_t is reused as necessary to consume all of the _a_r_g_u_-
_m_e_n_t_s. If the _f_o_r_m_a_t requires more _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
ppuusshhdd [--nn] [+_n] [-_n]
ppuusshhdd [--nn] [_d_i_r]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
- directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two
- directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty.
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ directory. With no arguments, ppuusshhdd exchanges the top two
+ directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty.
Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
- --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
- or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
+ --nn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
+ or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
stack is manipulated.
- ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with
+ ++_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with
+ --_n Rotates the stack so that the _nth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by ddiirrss, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_d_i_r Adds _d_i_r to the directory stack at the top, making it the
- new current working directory as if it had been supplied
+ new current working directory as if it had been supplied
as the argument to the ccdd builtin.
If the ppuusshhdd command is successful, a ddiirrss is performed as well.
- If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r
- fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc-
- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
- specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ If the first form is used, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the cd to _d_i_r
+ fails. With the second form, ppuusshhdd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
directory fails.
ppwwdd [--LLPP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the --PP option
is supplied or the --oo pphhyyssiiccaall option to the sseett builtin command
- is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
- occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
+ is enabled. If the --LL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
rreeaadd [--eerrss] [--aa _a_n_a_m_e] [--dd _d_e_l_i_m] [--ii _t_e_x_t] [--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s] [--pp
_p_r_o_m_p_t] [--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t] [--uu _f_d] [_n_a_m_e ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
- descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split
- into words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
+ descriptor _f_d supplied as an argument to the --uu option, split
+ into words as described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg, and the
first word is assigned to the first _n_a_m_e, the second word to the
second _n_a_m_e, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
- the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input
- stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
- ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into
+ the last _n_a_m_e. If there are fewer words read from the input
+ stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
+ ues. The characters in IIFFSS are used to split the line into
words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion
(described above under WWoorrdd SSpplliittttiinngg). The backslash character
(\\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char-
- acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
+ acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
--aa _a_n_a_m_e
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
@@ -4979,28 +4982,28 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
new values are assigned. Other _n_a_m_e arguments are
ignored.
--dd _d_e_l_i_m
- The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the
+ The first character of _d_e_l_i_m is used to terminate the
input line, rather than newline.
--ee If the standard input is coming from a terminal, rreeaaddlliinnee
- (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ (see RREEAADDLLIINNEE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
not previously active) editing settings.
--ii _t_e_x_t
- If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is
+ If rreeaaddlliinnee is being used to read the line, _t_e_x_t is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
--nn _n_c_h_a_r_s
- rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than
+ rreeaadd returns after reading _n_c_h_a_r_s characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim-
- iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the
+ iter if fewer than _n_c_h_a_r_s characters are read before the
delimiter.
--NN _n_c_h_a_r_s
- rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters
- are read. The result is not split on the characters in
- IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
+ rreeaadd returns after reading exactly _n_c_h_a_r_s characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or rreeaadd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause rreeaadd to return until _n_c_h_a_r_s characters
+ are read. The result is not split on the characters in
+ IIFFSS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see
the --rr option below).
--pp _p_r_o_m_p_t
@@ -5008,131 +5011,131 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
--rr Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
continuation.
--ss Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
--tt _t_i_m_e_o_u_t
- Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
- not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci-
- mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
- mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is
- reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
- file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
+ Cause rreeaadd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
+ not read within _t_i_m_e_o_u_t seconds. _t_i_m_e_o_u_t may be a deci-
+ mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
+ mal point. This option is only effective if rreeaadd is
+ reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
+ file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
If rreeaadd times out, rreeaadd saves any partial input read into
- the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd
- returns immediately, without trying to read any data.
- The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci-
- fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta-
+ the specified variable _n_a_m_e. If _t_i_m_e_o_u_t is 0, rreeaadd
+ returns immediately, without trying to read any data.
+ The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci-
+ fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta-
tus is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
--uu _f_d Read input from file descriptor _f_d.
If no _n_a_m_e_s are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
- able RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is
+ able RREEPPLLYY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is
encountered, rreeaadd times out (in which case the status is greater
- than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a
+ than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a
readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is sup-
plied as the argument to --uu.
rreeaaddoonnllyy [--aaAAff] [--pp] [_n_a_m_e[=_w_o_r_d] ...]
- The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so
- marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed
- arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative
- arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If
- no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a
+ The given _n_a_m_e_s are marked readonly; the values of these _n_a_m_e_s
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the --ff option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _n_a_m_e_s are so
+ marked. The --aa option restricts the variables to indexed
+ arrays; the --AA option restricts the variables to associative
+ arrays. If both options are supplied, --AA takes precedence. If
+ no _n_a_m_e arguments are given, or if the --pp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be
- used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
- names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format
- that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
- =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return
- status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
+ used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
+ names. The --pp option causes output to be displayed in a format
+ that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
+ =_w_o_r_d, the value of the variable is set to _w_o_r_d. The return
+ status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
_n_a_m_e_s is not a valid shell variable name, or --ff is supplied with
a _n_a_m_e that is not a function.
rreettuurrnn [_n]
- Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
- fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is
- that of the last command executed in the function body. If
- rreettuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to
- determine the status is the last command executed before the
- trap handler. if rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the
- last command used to determine the status is the last command
- executed by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If
- rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a
- script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop
- executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of
- the last command executed within the script as the exit status
- of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least
- significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is
- supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function
- and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com-
- mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu-
+ Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
+ fied by _n to its caller. If _n is omitted, the return status is
+ that of the last command executed in the function body. If
+ rreettuurrnn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to
+ determine the status is the last command executed before the
+ trap handler. if rreettuurrnn is executed during a DDEEBBUUGG trap, the
+ last command used to determine the status is the last command
+ executed by the trap handler before rreettuurrnn was invoked. If
+ rreettuurrnn is used outside a function, but during execution of a
+ script by the .. (ssoouurrccee) command, it causes the shell to stop
+ executing that script and return either _n or the exit status of
+ the last command executed within the script as the exit status
+ of the script. If _n is supplied, the return value is its least
+ significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if rreettuurrnn is
+ supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function
+ and not during execution of a script by .. or ssoouurrccee. Any com-
+ mand associated with the RREETTUURRNN trap is executed before execu-
tion resumes after the function or script.
sseett [----aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...]
sseett [++aabbeeffhhkkmmnnppttuuvvxxBBCCEEHHPPTT] [++oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e] [_a_r_g ...]
- Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
- not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x mode, only shell variables are listed.
- The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
- options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
- arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
+ not be reset. In _p_o_s_i_x mode, only shell variables are listed.
+ The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
+ options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
+ arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
- $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following
+ $$11, $$22, ...... $$_n. Options, if specified, have the following
meanings:
--aa Each variable or function that is created or modified is
- given the export attribute and marked for export to the
+ given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
- --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ --bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a
- single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
+ --ee Exit immediately if a _p_i_p_e_l_i_n_e (which may consist of a
+ single _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d), a _l_i_s_t, or a _c_o_m_p_o_u_n_d _c_o_m_m_a_n_d
(see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR above), exits with a non-zero status.
- The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
- part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee
- or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or
- eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a
- &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&&
+ The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
+ part of the command list immediately following a wwhhiillee
+ or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test following the iiff or
+ eelliiff reserved words, part of any command executed in a
+ &&&& or |||| list except the command following the final &&&&
or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the
- command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a
- compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
- zero status because a command failed while --ee was being
- ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if
- set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
+ command's return value is being inverted with !!. If a
+ compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
+ zero status because a command failed while --ee was being
+ ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on EERRRR, if
+ set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
+ ronment separately (see CCOOMMMMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
- If a compound command or shell function executes in a
- context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands
- executed within the compound command or function body
- will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set
- and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
- command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a
- context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have
- any effect until the compound command or the command
+ If a compound command or shell function executes in a
+ context where --ee is being ignored, none of the commands
+ executed within the compound command or function body
+ will be affected by the --ee setting, even if --ee is set
+ and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
+ command or shell function sets --ee while executing in a
+ context where --ee is ignored, that setting will not have
+ any effect until the compound command or the command
containing the function call completes.
--ff Disable pathname expansion.
- --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ --hh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ --kk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run
+ --mm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). All processes run
in a separate process group. When a background job com-
pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta-
tus.
--nn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
--oo _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e
The _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e can be one of the following:
@@ -5140,10 +5143,10 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
Same as --aa.
bbrraacceeeexxppaanndd
Same as --BB.
- eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ eemmaaccss Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the
+ the ----nnooeeddiittiinngg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for rreeaadd --ee.
eerrrreexxiitt Same as --ee.
eerrrrttrraaccee
@@ -5157,8 +5160,8 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
HHIISSTTOORRYY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
iiggnnoorreeeeooff
- The effect is as if the shell command
- ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see SShheellll
VVaarriiaabblleess above).
kkeeyywwoorrdd Same as --kk.
mmoonniittoorr Same as --mm.
@@ -5173,365 +5176,365 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
pphhyyssiiccaall
Same as --PP.
ppiippeeffaaiill
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
- match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO
+ ppoossiixx Change the behavior of bbaasshh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (_p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e). See SSEEEE AALLSSOO
below for a reference to a document that details
how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
pprriivviilleeggeedd
Same as --pp.
vveerrbboossee Same as --vv.
- vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ vvii Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
rreeaadd --ee.
xxttrraaccee Same as --xx.
If --oo is supplied with no _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, the values of the
- current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no
- _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If ++oo is supplied with no
+ _o_p_t_i_o_n_-_n_a_m_e, a series of sseett commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and
- $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS,
- BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they
+ --pp Turn on _p_r_i_v_i_l_e_g_e_d mode. In this mode, the $$EENNVV and
+ $$BBAASSHH__EENNVV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS,
+ BBAASSHHOOPPTTSS, CCDDPPAATTHH, and GGLLOOBBIIGGNNOORREE variables, if they
appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup-
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the --pp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the --pp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
--tt Exit after reading and executing one command.
--uu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
--vv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee
+ --xx After expanding each _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, ffoorr command, ccaassee
command, sseelleecctt command, or arithmetic ffoorr command, dis-
- play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of PPSS44, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn
+ --BB The shell performs brace expansion (see BBrraaccee EExxppaannssiioonn
above). This is on by default.
- --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be
+ --CC If set, bbaasshh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >>, >>&&, and <<>> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >>|| instead of >>.
--EE If set, any trap on EERRRR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The EERRRR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
--HH Enable !! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
- executing commands such as ccdd that change the current
+ --PP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as ccdd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, bbaasshh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by
- shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
- executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and
+ --TT If set, any traps on DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The DDEEBBUUGG and
RREETTUURRNN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ ---- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _a_r_gs, even if some of them begin
with a --.
- -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to
+ -- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _a_r_gs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The --xx and --vv
options are turned off. If there are no _a_r_gs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
- options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
- the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $$--. The
return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
sshhiifftt [_n]
- The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........
- Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are
- unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
- $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given,
- it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional
- parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ The positional parameters from _n+1 ... are renamed to $$11 ........
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $$## down to $$##-_n+1 are
+ unset. _n must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $$##. If _n is 0, no parameters are changed. If _n is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _n is greater than $$##, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
zero if _n is greater than $$## or less than zero; otherwise 0.
sshhoopptt [--ppqqssuu] [--oo] [_o_p_t_n_a_m_e ...]
- Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
- ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
+ Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
--oo option is used, those available with the --oo option to the sseett
builtin command. With no options, or with the --pp option, a list
- of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
- whether or not each is set. The --pp option causes output to be
- displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other options
+ of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
+ whether or not each is set. The --pp option causes output to be
+ displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other options
have the following meanings:
--ss Enable (set) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e.
--uu Disable (unset) each _o_p_t_n_a_m_e.
- --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ --qq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments are given with --qq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for
+ --oo Restricts the values of _o_p_t_n_a_m_e to be those defined for
the --oo option to the sseett builtin.
- If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt
- shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
- Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset)
+ If either --ss or --uu is used with no _o_p_t_n_a_m_e arguments, sshhoopptt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the sshhoopptt options are disabled (unset)
by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
- options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _o_p_t_n_a_m_e_s
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _o_p_t_n_a_m_e is not a
valid shell option.
The list of sshhoopptt options is:
- aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com-
+ aauuttooccdd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the ccdd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
ccddaabbllee__vvaarrss
- If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the ccdd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
ccddssppeellll If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a ccdd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
cchheecckkhhaasshh
If set, bbaasshh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
cchheecckkjjoobbss
If set, bbaasshh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
- (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see JJOOBB CCOONNTTRROOLL above). The shell always postpones
exiting if any jobs are stopped.
cchheecckkwwiinnssiizzee
- If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command
- and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL--
+ If set, bbaasshh checks the window size after each command
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of LLIINNEESS and CCOOLL--
UUMMNNSS.
- ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ ccmmddhhiisstt If set, bbaasshh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
ccoommppaatt3311
If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
- with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional
+ with respect to quoted arguments to the [[[[ conditional
command's ==~~ operator and locale-specific string compar-
- ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >>
- operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII
+ ison when using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >>
+ operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII
collation and _s_t_r_c_m_p(3); bash-4.1 and later use the cur-
rent locale's collation sequence and _s_t_r_c_o_l_l(3).
ccoommppaatt3322
If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators
- (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a
- command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue
- with the next command in the list after one terminates
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators
+ (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a
+ command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue
+ with the next command in the list after one terminates
due to an interrupt.
ccoommppaatt4400
If set, bbaasshh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators
- (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter-
- rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later
- interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter-
- rupt; previous versions continue with the next command
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the [[[[ conditional command's << and >> operators
+ (see description of ccoommppaatt3311) and the effect of inter-
+ rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later
+ interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter-
+ rupt; previous versions continue with the next command
in the list.
ccoommppaatt4411
- If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x mode, treats a single quote
- in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
- character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
- ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
- considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode
- through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
+ If set, bbaasshh, when in _p_o_s_i_x mode, treats a single quote
+ in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
+ character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
+ ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
+ considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode
+ through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
as in previous versions.
ccoommppaatt4422
- If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in
- the pattern substitution word expansion using quote
+ If set, bbaasshh does not process the replacement string in
+ the pattern substitution word expansion using quote
removal.
ccoommppaatt4433
- If set, bbaasshh does not print a warning message if an
- attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign-
- ment as an argument to ddeeccllaarree, makes word expansion
- errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command
- to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal
+ If set, bbaasshh does not print a warning message if an
+ attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign-
+ ment as an argument to ddeeccllaarree, makes word expansion
+ errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command
+ to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal
errors that cause the shell to exit), and does not reset
- the loop state when a shell function is executed (this
- allows bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in a shell function to affect
+ the loop state when a shell function is executed (this
+ allows bbrreeaakk or ccoonnttiinnuuee in a shell function to affect
loops in the caller's context).
ccoommpplleettee__ffuullllqquuoottee
- If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
- names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If set, bbaasshh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, bbaasshh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
- lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
- in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
- in shell variable references in words to be completed.
- This means that dollar signs in variable names that
- expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
- dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
- either. This is active only when bash is using back-
- slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
- set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that
+ expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
ddiirreexxppaanndd
- If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
- This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
- fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the
+ If set, bbaasshh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
+ fer. If not set, bbaasshh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
ddiirrssppeellll
- If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, bbaasshh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ ddoottgglloobb If set, bbaasshh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
eexxeeccffaaiill
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ eexxeecc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if eexxeecc fails.
eexxppaanndd__aalliiaasseess
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
AALLIIAASSEESS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
eexxttddeebbuugg
- If set at shell invocation, arrange to execute the
- debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to
- the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set after invocation, behav-
+ If set at shell invocation, arrange to execute the
+ debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to
+ the ----ddeebbuuggggeerr option. If set after invocation, behav-
ior intended for use by debuggers is enabled:
11.. The --FF option to the ddeeccllaarree builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 22.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell
+ 33.. If the command run by the DDEEBBUUGG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins), the shell
simulates a call to rreettuurrnn.
- 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described
+ 44.. BBAASSHH__AARRGGCC and BBAASSHH__AARRGGVV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 55.. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(( _c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the DDEEBBUUGG and RREETTUURRNN traps.
- 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with ((
+ 66.. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with ((
_c_o_m_m_a_n_d )) inherit the EERRRR trap.
eexxttgglloobb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn are enabled.
eexxttqquuoottee
- If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed
- within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $$'_s_t_r_i_n_g' and $$"_s_t_r_i_n_g" quoting is performed
+ within $${{_p_a_r_a_m_e_t_e_r}} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
ffaaiillgglloobb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
ffoorrccee__ffiiggnnoorree
- If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the FFIIGGNNOORREE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See SSHHEELLLL VVAARRIIAABBLLEESS above for a
- description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by
+ description of FFIIGGNNOORREE. This option is enabled by
default.
gglloobbaasscciiiirraannggeess
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
- bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave
- as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
+ bracket expressions (see PPaatttteerrnn MMaattcchhiinngg above) behave
+ as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
parisons. That is, the current locale's collating
- sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col-
- late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case
+ sequence is not taken into account, so bb will not col-
+ late between AA and BB, and upper-case and lower-case
ASCII characters will collate together.
gglloobbssttaarr
If set, the pattern **** used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a //,
only directories and subdirectories match.
ggnnuu__eerrrrffmmtt
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
hhiissttaappppeenndd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the HHIISSTTFFIILLEE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
hhiissttrreeeeddiitt
- If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
hhiissttvveerriiffyy
- If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the rreeaaddlliinnee editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
hhoossttccoommpplleettee
If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@
- is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @@
+ is being completed (see CCoommpplleettiinngg under RREEAADDLLIINNEE
above). This is enabled by default.
hhuuppoonneexxiitt
If set, bbaasshh will send SSIIGGHHUUPP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
iinnhheerriitt__eerrrreexxiitt
- If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
- eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is
+ If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
+ eerrrreexxiitt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
+ environment. This option is enabled when _p_o_s_i_x _m_o_d_e is
enabled.
iinntteerraaccttiivvee__ccoommmmeennttss
If set, allow a word beginning with ## to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS above). This
option is enabled by default.
llaassttppiippee
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line
+ lliitthhiisstt If set, and the ccmmddhhiisstt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
llooggiinn__sshheellll
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see IINNVVOOCCAATTIIOONN above). The value may not be
changed.
mmaaiillwwaarrnn
- If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that bbaasshh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _m_a_i_l_f_i_l_e has been read'' is dis-
played.
nnoo__eemmppttyy__ccmmdd__ccoommpplleettiioonn
- If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not
+ If set, and rreeaaddlliinnee is being used, bbaasshh will not
attempt to search the PPAATTHH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
nnooccaasseegglloobb
- If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, bbaasshh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see PPaatthhnnaammee
EExxppaannssiioonn above).
nnooccaasseemmaattcchh
- If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, bbaasshh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing ccaassee or
[[[[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi-
- tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
+ tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
pletions as part of programmable completion.
nnuullllgglloobb
- If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see
- PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, bbaasshh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ PPaatthhnnaammee EExxppaannssiioonn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
pprrooggccoommpp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see PPrroo--
@@ -5539,50 +5542,50 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
enabled by default.
pprroommppttvvaarrss
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in PPRROOMMPPTTIINNGG
above. This option is enabled by default.
rreessttrriicctteedd__sshheellll
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
sshhiifftt__vveerrbboossee
- If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the sshhiifftt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
ssoouurrcceeppaatthh
If set, the ssoouurrccee (..) builtin uses the value of PPAATTHH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
xxppgg__eecchhoo
- If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the eecchhoo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
ssuussppeenndd [--ff]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SSIIGGCCOONNTT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the --ff option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and --ff is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
tteesstt _e_x_p_r
[[ _e_x_p_r ]]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
ation of the conditional expression _e_x_p_r. Each operator and op-
- erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
- the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS.
- tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+ erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS.
+ tteesstt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of ---- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
- depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
+ depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
dence is used when there are five or more arguments.
!! _e_x_p_r True if _e_x_p_r is false.
(( _e_x_p_r ))
- Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _e_x_p_r. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_e_x_p_r_1 -aa _e_x_p_r_2
True if both _e_x_p_r_1 and _e_x_p_r_2 are true.
@@ -5599,120 +5602,120 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALL EEXXPPRREESSSSIIOONNSS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa
- and --oo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The --aa
+ and --oo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (( and the third argument is exactly )), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico-
+ When used with tteesstt or [[, the << and >> operators sort lexico-
graphically using ASCII ordering.
- ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ ttiimmeess Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
ttrraapp [--llpp] [[_a_r_g] _s_i_g_s_p_e_c ...]
- The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a
- single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each
- _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name
- defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ The command _a_r_g is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _s_i_g_s_p_e_c. If _a_r_g is absent (and there is a
+ single _s_i_g_s_p_e_c) or --, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _a_r_g is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _a_r_g is not present and --pp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only --pp is given, ttrraapp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The --ll option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is either a signal name
+ defined in <_s_i_g_n_a_l_._h>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the SSIIGG prefix is optional.
- If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe-
- cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command,
- _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR
- above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the
+ If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EEXXIITT (0) the command _a_r_g is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is DDEEBBUUGG, the command _a_r_g is exe-
+ cuted before every _s_i_m_p_l_e _c_o_m_m_a_n_d, _f_o_r command, _c_a_s_e command,
+ _s_e_l_e_c_t command, every arithmetic _f_o_r command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see SSHHEELLLL GGRRAAMMMMAARR
+ above). Refer to the description of the eexxttddeebbuugg option to the
sshhoopptt builtin for details of its effect on the DDEEBBUUGG trap. If a
_s_i_g_s_p_e_c is RREETTUURRNN, the command _a_r_g is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .. or ssoouurrccee builtins fin-
ishes executing.
- If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a
+ If a _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is EERRRR, the command _a_r_g is executed whenever a
pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
- the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the
+ the following conditions. The EERRRR trap is not executed if the
failed command is part of the command list immediately following
- a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement,
+ a wwhhiillee or uunnttiill keyword, part of the test in an _i_f statement,
part of a command executed in a &&&& or |||| list except the command
- following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the
- last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
- !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee)
+ following the final &&&& or ||||, any command in a pipeline but the
+ last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
+ !!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the eerrrreexxiitt (--ee)
option.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
- reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
+ reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _s_i_g_s_p_e_c is
invalid; otherwise ttrraapp returns true.
ttyyppee [--aaffttppPP] _n_a_m_e [_n_a_m_e ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _n_a_m_e would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the --tt option is used, ttyyppee prints a
- string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or
- _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the
+ string which is one of _a_l_i_a_s, _k_e_y_w_o_r_d, _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n, _b_u_i_l_t_i_n, or
+ _f_i_l_e if _n_a_m_e is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _n_a_m_e is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the --pp option is used, ttyyppee either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _n_a_m_e were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e,
+ return _f_i_l_e. The --PP option forces a PPAATTHH search for each _n_a_m_e,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _f_i_l_e. If a command is
hashed, --pp and --PP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
- ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is
- used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable
+ ily the file that appears first in PPAATTHH. If the --aa option is
+ used, ttyyppee prints all of the places that contain an executable
named _n_a_m_e. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
the --pp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is
- not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell
+ not consulted when using --aa. The --ff option suppresses shell
function lookup, as with the ccoommmmaanndd builtin. ttyyppee returns true
if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
uulliimmiitt [--HHSSaabbccddeeffiikkllmmnnppqqrrssttuuvvxxPPTT [_l_i_m_i_t]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The --HH and --SS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither --HH nor --SS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _l_i_m_i_t
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values hhaarrdd, ssoofftt, or uunnlliimmiitteedd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _l_i_m_i_t is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the --HH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
@@ -5721,12 +5724,12 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
--cc The maximum size of core files created
--dd The maximum size of a process's data segment
--ee The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ --ff The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
--ii The maximum number of pending signals
--kk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated
--ll The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ --mm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
--nn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
@@ -5735,53 +5738,53 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
--rr The maximum real-time scheduling priority
--ss The maximum stack size
--tt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ --uu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ --vv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
--xx The maximum number of file locks
--PP The maximum number of pseudoterminals
--TT The maximum number of threads
- If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the
- new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
- then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
- for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte
- blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values;
+ If _l_i_m_i_t is given, and the --aa option is not used, _l_i_m_i_t is the
+ new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
+ then --ff is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
+ for --tt, which is in seconds; --pp, which is in units of 512-byte
+ blocks; --PP, --TT, --bb, --kk, --nn, and --uu, which are unscaled values;
and, when in Posix mode, --cc and --ff, which are in 512-byte incre-
ments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argu-
ment is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
uummaasskk [--pp] [--SS] [_m_o_d_e]
The user file-creation mask is set to _m_o_d_e. If _m_o_d_e begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _c_h_m_o_d(1). If _m_o_d_e is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The --SS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the --pp
option is supplied, and _m_o_d_e is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _m_o_d_e argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
uunnaalliiaass [-aa] [_n_a_m_e ...]
- Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _n_a_m_e from the list of defined aliases. If --aa is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _n_a_m_e is not a defined alias.
uunnsseett [-ffvv] [-nn] [_n_a_m_e ...]
- For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _n_a_m_e, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the --vv option is given, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option
- is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute,
- _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn
- has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are
- supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
- able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each
- unset variable or function is removed from the environment
- passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN--
+ and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If --ff is specified, each _n_a_m_e refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. If the --nn option
+ is supplied, and _n_a_m_e is a variable with the _n_a_m_e_r_e_f attribute,
+ _n_a_m_e will be unset rather than the variable it references. --nn
+ has no effect if the --ff option is supplied. If no options are
+ supplied, each _n_a_m_e refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+ able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each
+ unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+ passed to subsequent commands. If any of CCOOMMPP__WWOORRDDBBRREEAAKKSS, RRAANN--
DDOOMM, SSEECCOONNDDSS, LLIINNEENNOO, HHIISSTTCCMMDD, FFUUNNCCNNAAMMEE, GGRROOUUPPSS, or DDIIRRSSTTAACCKK are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _n_a_m_e is read-
@@ -5790,19 +5793,19 @@ SSHHEELLLL BBUUIILLTTIINN CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
wwaaiitt [--nn] [_n _._._.]
Wait for each specified child process and return its termination
status. Each _n may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _n is not given, all currently active child pro-
cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the --nn
- option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and
- returns its exit status. If _n specifies a non-existent process
- or job, the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status
+ option is supplied, wwaaiitt waits for any job to terminate and
+ returns its exit status. If _n specifies a non-existent process
+ or job, the return status is 127. Otherwise, the return status
is the exit status of the last process or job waited for.
RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL
If bbaasshh is started with the name rrbbaasshh, or the --rr option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to bbaasshh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+o changing directories with ccdd
@@ -5811,16 +5814,16 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL
+o specifying command names containing //
- +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the ..
+ +o specifying a filename containing a // as an argument to the ..
builtin command
- +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +o specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
--pp option to the hhaasshh builtin command
- +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +o importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup
- +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at
+ +o parsing the value of SSHHEELLLLOOPPTTSS from the shell environment at
startup
+o redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
@@ -5829,10 +5832,10 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL
+o using the eexxeecc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command
- +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options
+ +o adding or deleting builtin commands with the --ff and --dd options
to the eennaabbllee builtin command
- +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +o using the eennaabbllee builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins
+o specifying the --pp option to the ccoommmmaanndd builtin command
@@ -5842,14 +5845,14 @@ RREESSTTRRIICCTTEEDD SSHHEELLLL
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see CCOOMM--
- MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ MMAANNDD EEXXEECCUUTTIIOONN above), rrbbaasshh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
_B_a_s_h _R_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e _M_a_n_u_a_l, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_T_h_e _G_n_u _R_e_a_d_l_i_n_e _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_T_h_e _G_n_u _H_i_s_t_o_r_y _L_i_b_r_a_r_y, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_-
+ _P_o_r_t_a_b_l_e _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_n_g _S_y_s_t_e_m _I_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e _(_P_O_S_I_X_) _P_a_r_t _2_: _S_h_e_l_l _a_n_d _U_t_i_l_i_-
_t_i_e_s, IEEE --
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/
http://tiswww.case.edu/~chet/bash/POSIX -- a description of posix mode
@@ -5867,7 +5870,7 @@ FFIILLEESS
_~_/_._b_a_s_h_r_c
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_~_/_._b_a_s_h___l_o_g_o_u_t
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_~_/_._i_n_p_u_t_r_c
Individual _r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e initialization file
@@ -5881,14 +5884,14 @@ AAUUTTHHOORRSS
BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS
If you find a bug in bbaasshh,, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of bbaasshh. The latest version is always available from
_f_t_p_:_/_/_f_t_p_._g_n_u_._o_r_g_/_p_u_b_/_g_n_u_/_b_a_s_h_/.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _b_a_s_h_b_u_g
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _b_u_g_-_b_a_s_h_@_g_n_u_._o_r_g or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
ggnnuu..bbaasshh..bbuugg.
ALL bug reports should include:
@@ -5899,7 +5902,7 @@ BBUUGG RREEPPOORRTTSS
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _b_a_s_h_b_u_g inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
@@ -5916,10 +5919,10 @@ BBUUGGSS
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
- parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
unit.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
@@ -5928,4 +5931,4 @@ BBUUGGSS
-GNU Bash 4.4 2016 May 29 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash 4.4 2016 August 21 BASH(1)
diff --git a/doc/bash.1 b/doc/bash.1
index 62ba8db..9a7a384 100644
--- a/doc/bash.1
+++ b/doc/bash.1
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet.ramey@case.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Sun Aug 21 14:47:11 EDT 2016
+.\" Last Change: Fri Aug 26 09:45:10 EDT 2016
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2016 August 21" "GNU Bash 4.4"
+.TH BASH 1 "2016 August 26" "GNU Bash 4.4"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
@@ -2681,6 +2681,10 @@ This is performed at the
same time as tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
command substitution.
.PP
+After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the
+original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves
+(\fIquote removal\fP).
+.PP
Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion
can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions
expand a single word to a single word.
diff --git a/doc/bash.html b/doc/bash.html
index e90cf96..a2f06d8 100644
--- a/doc/bash.html
+++ b/doc/bash.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2016 May 29<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2016 August 21<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
@@ -5533,6 +5533,11 @@ Conditional expressions are used by the <B>[[</B> compound command and
the <B>test</B> and <B>[</B> builtin commands to test file attributes
and perform string and arithmetic comparisons.
Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries.
+<B>Bash</B> handles several filenames specially when they are used in
+expressions.
+If the operating system on which <B>bash</B> is running provides these
+special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them
+internally with this behavior:
If any <I>file</I> argument to one of the primaries is of the form
<I>/dev/fd/n</I>, then file descriptor <I>n</I> is checked.
If the <I>file</I> argument to one of the primaries is one of
@@ -13519,7 +13524,7 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 4.4<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2016 May 29<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 4.4<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2016 August 21<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
@@ -13625,6 +13630,6 @@ There may be only one active coprocess at a time.
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 14 July 2016 11:48:02 EDT
+Time: 22 August 2016 09:44:22 EDT
</BODY>
</HTML>
diff --git a/doc/bash.info b/doc/bash.info
index 0763791..7fd6570 100644
--- a/doc/bash.info
+++ b/doc/bash.info
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bash.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.1 from
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 4.4, 29 May 2016).
+Bash shell (version 4.4, 21 August 2016).
- This is Edition 4.4, last updated 29 May 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.4, last updated 21 August 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4.
Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 4.4, 29 May 2016). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 4.4, 21 August 2016). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 4.4, last updated 29 May 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.4, last updated 21 August 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -5749,11 +5749,14 @@ Conditional expressions are used by the '[[' compound command and the
Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary expressions are often used
to examine the status of a file. There are string operators and numeric
-comparison operators as well. If the FILE argument to one of the
-primaries is of the form '/dev/fd/N', then file descriptor N is checked.
-If the FILE argument to one of the primaries is one of '/dev/stdin',
-'/dev/stdout', or '/dev/stderr', file descriptor 0, 1, or 2,
-respectively, is checked.
+comparison operators as well. Bash handles several filenames specially
+when they are used in expressions. If the operating system on which
+Bash is running provides these special files, Bash will use them;
+otherwise it will emulate them internally with this behavior: If the
+FILE argument to one of the primaries is of the form '/dev/fd/N', then
+file descriptor N is checked. If the FILE argument to one of the
+primaries is one of '/dev/stdin', '/dev/stdout', or '/dev/stderr', file
+descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
When used with '[[', the '<' and '>' operators sort lexicographically
using the current locale. The 'test' command uses ASCII ordering.
@@ -11337,134 +11340,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index

Tag Table:
-Node: Top887
-Node: Introduction2797
-Node: What is Bash?3013
-Node: What is a shell?4127
-Node: Definitions6665
-Node: Basic Shell Features9616
-Node: Shell Syntax10835
-Node: Shell Operation11861
-Node: Quoting13154
-Node: Escape Character14454
-Node: Single Quotes14939
-Node: Double Quotes15287
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting16565
-Node: Locale Translation17818
-Node: Comments18714
-Node: Shell Commands19332
-Node: Simple Commands20204
-Node: Pipelines20835
-Node: Lists23578
-Node: Compound Commands25307
-Node: Looping Constructs26310
-Node: Conditional Constructs28773
-Node: Command Grouping39695
-Node: Coprocesses41174
-Node: GNU Parallel43006
-Node: Shell Functions46979
-Node: Shell Parameters52185
-Node: Positional Parameters56598
-Node: Special Parameters57498
-Node: Shell Expansions60835
-Node: Brace Expansion62772
-Node: Tilde Expansion65553
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion67901
-Node: Command Substitution82033
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion83388
-Node: Process Substitution84320
-Node: Word Splitting85440
-Node: Filename Expansion87384
-Node: Pattern Matching89668
-Node: Quote Removal93366
-Node: Redirections93661
-Node: Executing Commands103081
-Node: Simple Command Expansion103751
-Node: Command Search and Execution105681
-Node: Command Execution Environment108017
-Node: Environment111001
-Node: Exit Status112660
-Node: Signals114330
-Node: Shell Scripts116297
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands118812
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins120846
-Node: Bash Builtins141446
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior170091
-Node: The Set Builtin170436
-Node: The Shopt Builtin180849
-Node: Special Builtins196648
-Node: Shell Variables197627
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables198064
-Node: Bash Variables200095
-Node: Bash Features228475
-Node: Invoking Bash229374
-Node: Bash Startup Files235323
-Node: Interactive Shells240426
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?240836
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?241485
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior242300
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245675
-Node: Shell Arithmetic249676
-Node: Aliases252493
-Node: Arrays255041
-Node: The Directory Stack260125
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins260909
-Node: Controlling the Prompt263877
-Node: The Restricted Shell266623
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode268448
-Node: Job Control278501
-Node: Job Control Basics278961
-Node: Job Control Builtins283680
-Node: Job Control Variables288210
-Node: Command Line Editing289366
-Node: Introduction and Notation291037
-Node: Readline Interaction292660
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials293851
-Node: Readline Movement Commands295634
-Node: Readline Killing Commands296594
-Node: Readline Arguments298512
-Node: Searching299556
-Node: Readline Init File301742
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax302889
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs323076
-Node: Sample Init File325601
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands328718
-Node: Commands For Moving329922
-Node: Commands For History331065
-Node: Commands For Text335354
-Node: Commands For Killing338743
-Node: Numeric Arguments341224
-Node: Commands For Completion342363
-Node: Keyboard Macros346554
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands347241
-Node: Readline vi Mode353045
-Node: Programmable Completion353952
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins361413
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example371299
-Node: Using History Interactively376551
-Node: Bash History Facilities377235
-Node: Bash History Builtins380236
-Node: History Interaction384233
-Node: Event Designators387197
-Node: Word Designators388416
-Node: Modifiers390053
-Node: Installing Bash391455
-Node: Basic Installation392592
-Node: Compilers and Options395283
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures396024
-Node: Installation Names397687
-Node: Specifying the System Type398505
-Node: Sharing Defaults399221
-Node: Operation Controls399894
-Node: Optional Features400852
-Node: Reporting Bugs411109
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell412303
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License429155
-Node: Indexes454332
-Node: Builtin Index454786
-Node: Reserved Word Index461613
-Node: Variable Index464061
-Node: Function Index479520
-Node: Concept Index492677
+Node: Top893
+Node: Introduction2809
+Node: What is Bash?3025
+Node: What is a shell?4139
+Node: Definitions6677
+Node: Basic Shell Features9628
+Node: Shell Syntax10847
+Node: Shell Operation11873
+Node: Quoting13166
+Node: Escape Character14466
+Node: Single Quotes14951
+Node: Double Quotes15299
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting16577
+Node: Locale Translation17830
+Node: Comments18726
+Node: Shell Commands19344
+Node: Simple Commands20216
+Node: Pipelines20847
+Node: Lists23590
+Node: Compound Commands25319
+Node: Looping Constructs26322
+Node: Conditional Constructs28785
+Node: Command Grouping39707
+Node: Coprocesses41186
+Node: GNU Parallel43018
+Node: Shell Functions46991
+Node: Shell Parameters52197
+Node: Positional Parameters56610
+Node: Special Parameters57510
+Node: Shell Expansions60847
+Node: Brace Expansion62784
+Node: Tilde Expansion65565
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion67913
+Node: Command Substitution82045
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion83400
+Node: Process Substitution84332
+Node: Word Splitting85452
+Node: Filename Expansion87396
+Node: Pattern Matching89680
+Node: Quote Removal93378
+Node: Redirections93673
+Node: Executing Commands103093
+Node: Simple Command Expansion103763
+Node: Command Search and Execution105693
+Node: Command Execution Environment108029
+Node: Environment111013
+Node: Exit Status112672
+Node: Signals114342
+Node: Shell Scripts116309
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands118824
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins120858
+Node: Bash Builtins141458
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior170103
+Node: The Set Builtin170448
+Node: The Shopt Builtin180861
+Node: Special Builtins196660
+Node: Shell Variables197639
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables198076
+Node: Bash Variables200107
+Node: Bash Features228487
+Node: Invoking Bash229386
+Node: Bash Startup Files235335
+Node: Interactive Shells240438
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?240848
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?241497
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior242312
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245687
+Node: Shell Arithmetic249927
+Node: Aliases252744
+Node: Arrays255292
+Node: The Directory Stack260376
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins261160
+Node: Controlling the Prompt264128
+Node: The Restricted Shell266874
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode268699
+Node: Job Control278752
+Node: Job Control Basics279212
+Node: Job Control Builtins283931
+Node: Job Control Variables288461
+Node: Command Line Editing289617
+Node: Introduction and Notation291288
+Node: Readline Interaction292911
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials294102
+Node: Readline Movement Commands295885
+Node: Readline Killing Commands296845
+Node: Readline Arguments298763
+Node: Searching299807
+Node: Readline Init File301993
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax303140
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs323327
+Node: Sample Init File325852
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands328969
+Node: Commands For Moving330173
+Node: Commands For History331316
+Node: Commands For Text335605
+Node: Commands For Killing338994
+Node: Numeric Arguments341475
+Node: Commands For Completion342614
+Node: Keyboard Macros346805
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands347492
+Node: Readline vi Mode353296
+Node: Programmable Completion354203
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins361664
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example371550
+Node: Using History Interactively376802
+Node: Bash History Facilities377486
+Node: Bash History Builtins380487
+Node: History Interaction384484
+Node: Event Designators387448
+Node: Word Designators388667
+Node: Modifiers390304
+Node: Installing Bash391706
+Node: Basic Installation392843
+Node: Compilers and Options395534
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures396275
+Node: Installation Names397938
+Node: Specifying the System Type398756
+Node: Sharing Defaults399472
+Node: Operation Controls400145
+Node: Optional Features401103
+Node: Reporting Bugs411360
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell412554
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License429406
+Node: Indexes454583
+Node: Builtin Index455037
+Node: Reserved Word Index461864
+Node: Variable Index464312
+Node: Function Index479771
+Node: Concept Index492928

End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/bash.pdf b/doc/bash.pdf
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(cuted, the shell performs the follo).15 F .614(wing e)-.25 F .614
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(ords that the parser has mark)-.1 F 1.848(ed as v)-.1 F 1.848
(ariable assignments \(those preceding the command)-.25 F
-(name\) and redirections are sa)144 489.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(df).15 G
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1.163(ords that are not v)-.1 F 1.164
(ariable assignments or redirections are e)-.25 F 3.664(xpanded. If)-.15
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-(Redirections are performed as described abo)144 547.2 Q .3 -.15(ve u)
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Q(xit with a non-zero status.)-.15 E 1.064
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--.1 E .379(If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts \
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(uiltins. If)-.2 F 2.5(am)2.5 G(atch is found, that b)-2.5 E
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3.163 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .662(for a directory containing an e)2.913 F -.15
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-(the full pathnames of e)108 189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.915
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(cutable \214les \(see).15 F F4(hash)4.415 E F0(under)4.415 E F2 1.915
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(hat function e)-2.778 F .278(xists, it is in)-.15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
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(ith the original command and the original command')-2.778 F 2.777(sa)
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(xit status becomes the e)-3.425 F .775(xit status of the shell.)-.15 F
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-(de\214ned, the shell prints an error message and returns an e)108 249.6
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Q(xit status of 127.)-.15 E 1.089(If the search is successful, or if th\
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-108 278.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .197(cution en).15 F 2.698(vironment. Ar)-.4
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F .198(gument 0 is set to the name gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .198
-(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 290.4 Q
+(n, and the remain-).15 F(ing ar)108 319.2 Q
(guments to the command are set to the ar)-.18 E(guments gi)-.18 E -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(n, if an).15 E -.65(y.)-.15 G 1.809(If this e)108 307.2 R
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(cute it.).15 F(This)5.678 E .33
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(gument follo)-.18 F 1.192(wing the)-.25 F 1.13
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1.405(cation, as modi\214ed by redirections supplied to the).2 F F4
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+(via the)108 376.8 R F2(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin, the rec\
+eption of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F F2
(wait)3.49 E F0 -.2(bu)3.49 G .99(iltin to).2 F
-(return immediately with an e)108 364.8 Q
+(return immediately with an e)108 388.8 Q
(xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15
-E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(JOB CONTR)72 381.6 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 393.6 S 4.568(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol)
--.45 E F0 2.068(refers to the ability to selecti)5.078 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.067(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.067(he e)-4.567 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 2.067(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 405.6
-Q F5 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)-3.201 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702
+E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(JOB CONTR)72 405.6 Q(OL)-.329 E F1 -.25
+(Jo)108 417.6 S 4.568(bc).25 G(ontr)-4.568 E(ol)-.45 E F0 2.068
+(refers to the ability to selecti)5.078 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.067
+(ly stop \().15 F F1(suspend)A F0 4.567(\)t)C 2.067(he e)-4.567 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G 2.067(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 429.6 Q
+F1 -.37(re)C(sume).37 E F0 3.201(\)t)C .701(heir e)-3.201 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G .702(cution at a later point.).15 F 3.202(Au)5.702 G .702
(ser typically emplo)-3.202 F .702(ys this f)-.1 F .702
(acility via an interacti)-.1 F 1.002 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E(ace)
--.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 417.6 Q(ernel')-.1
+-.1 E(supplied jointly by the operating system k)108 441.6 Q(ernel')-.1
E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15 G(nd)-2.5 E
-F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 434.4 R F5(job)
+F2(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .785(The shell associates a)108 458.4 R F1(job)
5.025 E F0 .785(with each pipeline.)3.515 F .784(It k)5.785 F .784
(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .784
-(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 446.4 R F1
-(jobs)2.84 E F0 2.84(command. When)2.84 F F1(bash)2.84 E F0 .341
-(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F5(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E
-(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 458.4
-Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 475.2 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\
+(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .34(listed with the)108 470.4 R F2
+(jobs)2.84 E F0 2.84(command. When)2.84 F F2(bash)2.84 E F0 .341
+(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.84 F F1(bac)2.841 E(kgr)-.2 E
+(ound)-.45 E F0 .341(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 482.4
+Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 499.2 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\
umber 1 and that the process ID of the last process in the pipeline ass\
-ociated)108 492 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 504 R .733
+ociated)108 516 R .732(with this job is 25647.)108 528 R .733
(All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job)
-5.732 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 516 Q F5(job)
+5.732 F(.)-.4 E F2(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)108 540 Q F1(job)
4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8
-(To f)108 532.8 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf)
+(To f)108 556.8 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf)
.7 F 1.462(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F
-.87(notion of a)108 544.8 R F5(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F
+.87(notion of a)108 568.8 R F1(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F
.871(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871
(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023
(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108
-556.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023
-(board-generated signals such as).15 F F3(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 568.8 Q
-F4(.)A F0 1.346(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F5(for)
-3.847 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.927 E
+580.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023
+(board-generated signals such as).15 F F4(SIG-)2.522 E(INT)108 592.8 Q
+F5(.)A F0 1.346(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F1(for)
+3.847 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F1(Bac)6.927 E
(kgr)-.2 E(ound)-.45 E F0 1.347(processes are those whose process)4.617
-F .146(group ID dif)108 580.8 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
+F .146(group ID dif)108 604.8 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145
(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16
-(ground processes are allo)108 592.8 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F
+(ground processes are allo)108 616.8 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F
2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6
10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter)
--2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 604.8 R .551
+-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 628.8 R .551
(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F6 .551
(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F
-.717(terminal are sent a)108 616.8 R F3 .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.217 F
+.717(terminal are sent a)108 640.8 R F4 .717(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.217 F
(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218(st)-.55
G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H .718
-(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 628.8 Q 1.088
-(If the operating system on which)108 645.6 R F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088
-(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087
-(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 657.6 S
-.301(ping the).8 F F5(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301(character \(typically)
-3.571 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301
+(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 652.8 Q 1.088
+(If the operating system on which)108 669.6 R F2(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088
+(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F2(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087
+(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 681.6 S
+.301(ping the).8 F F1(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301(character \(typically)
+3.571 F F2(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301
(ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801
-F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 669.6 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0
-7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F5 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0
-2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F1(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C
+F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 693.6 R F2(bash)4.642 E F0
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+2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F2(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C
(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\
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-681.6 R(to)108 693.6 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892
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(he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F
-F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894
-(background, the)108 705.6 R F1(fg)3.394 E F0 .895
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(command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F
-F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F1(^Z)
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--.25 F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.449 F .948
-(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.)
-108 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(35)197.335 E 0
-Cg EP
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%%Page: 36 36
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+(fect immediately)-.25 F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948
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+(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.)
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(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F/F1
10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)
-3.277 F(\()108 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B
-(number)3.458 E F2(n)3.818 E F0 .957(may be referred to as)3.697 F F1
-(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957
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(job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\
ed to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line.)
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-(hand, refers to an)108 132 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087
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(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087
(in its command line.)2.587 F .087
-(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 144 Q F1(bash)
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(he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018
(refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F
F2(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is)
--2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 156 R .495
+-2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 184.8 R .495
(as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F
(The)5.495 E F2(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 .495
-(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 168 R F1<25ad>3.288 E F0 5.788
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+(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787
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-.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 180 R F1
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(jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa)
-.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.757 E F0(,)A .411
-(and the pre)108 192 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.911 E F0
+(and the pre)108 220.8 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.911 E F0
5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41
(ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(rent job)108 204 Q(.)-.4 E .443
-(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 220.8 R
+(rent job)108 232.8 Q(.)-.4 E .443
+(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 249.6 R
(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for)
-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C
(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108
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+261.6 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472
(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F
-(equi)108 244.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1')
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+(equi)108 273.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1')
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-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally)
5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131
(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158
-(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 273.6 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G
+(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 302.4 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G
.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157
(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F1<ad62>2.657 E F0 .157
-(option to)2.657 F(the)108 285.6 Q F1(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147
+(option to)2.657 F(the)108 314.4 Q F1(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147
(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.647 E F0 .148
(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15
(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0
.148(is e)2.398 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108
-297.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 314.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1
+326.4 Q(xits.)-.15 E .033(If an attempt to e)108 343.2 R(xit)-.15 E F1
(bash)2.533 E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532
(,i)-.4 G 2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032
-(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 326.4 R F1
+(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 355.2 R F1
(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019
(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02
(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02
(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108
-338.4 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458
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(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a)
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(xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604
(ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E
-(and an)108 362.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F4
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(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.564 F F1(Bash)5.315 E
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-427.2 S(umber of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \
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-(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 439.2 Q F1(\\d)144 451.2 Q F0
-(the date in "W)180 451.2 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E
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+(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 468 Q F1(\\d)144 480 Q F0
+(the date in "W)180 480 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E
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+(empty)180 516 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0
(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E
-(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 499.2 Q F0
-(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 499.2 Q F1(\\h)144 511.2 Q F0
-(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 511.2 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 523.2
-Q F0(the hostname)180 523.2 Q F1(\\j)144 535.2 Q F0
-(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 535.2 Q F1(\\l)
-144 547.2 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 547.2 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G
-(erminal de)-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 559.2 Q F0(ne)180 559.2 Q
-(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 571.2 Q F0(carriage return)180 571.2 Q F1(\\s)
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-2.5 E F0(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1
-(\\t)144 595.2 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180
-595.2 Q F1(\\T)144 607.2 Q F0
-(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 607.2 Q F1(\\@)144
-619.2 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 619.2 Q F1(\\A)
-144 631.2 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 631.2 Q F1
-(\\u)144 643.2 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 643.2 Q F1(\\v)
-144 655.2 Q F0(the v)180 655.2 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
-(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 667.2 Q F0(the release of)180 667.2 Q
-F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 679.2 Q F0 .116
-(the current w)180 679.2 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G
-(ith)-2.616 E F3($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115
-(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)
-180 691.2 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E
-F1(\\W)144 703.2 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 703.2 Q
-(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F0
-(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 715.2 Q F0
-(the history number of this command)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q
-(2016 May 29)148.175 E(36)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 528 Q F0
+(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 528 Q F1(\\h)144 540 Q F0
+(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 540 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 552 Q F0
+(the hostname)180 552 Q F1(\\j)144 564 Q F0
+(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 564 Q F1(\\l)144
+576 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 576 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de)
+-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 588 Q F0(ne)180 588 Q(wline)-.25 E F1
+(\\r)144 600 Q F0(carriage return)180 600 Q F1(\\s)144 612 Q F0
+(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 612 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0
+(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144
+624 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 624 Q F1(\\T)
+144 636 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 636 Q F1
+(\\@)144 648 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 648 Q F1
+(\\A)144 660 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 660 Q F1
+(\\u)144 672 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 672 Q F1(\\v)144
+684 Q F0(the v)180 684 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 696 Q F0(the release of)180 696 Q F1
+(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
+(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 708 Q F0 .116(the current w)
+180 708 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E F3
+($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)
+-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)180 720 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36
+E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)
+142.895 E(36)192.055 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(\\#)144 84 Q F0(the command number of this command)180 84 Q F1(\\$)
-144 96 Q F0(if the ef)180 96 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H
-(ID is 0, a).15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E
-(\\)144 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0
-(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 108 Q F2(nnn)2.5 E
-F1(\\\\)144 120 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 120 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 132 Q
-F0(be)180 132 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \
+SF(\\W)144 84 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 84 Q
+(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)-.25 E F1(\\!)144 96 Q
+F0(the history number of this command)180 96 Q F1(\\#)144 108 Q F0
+(the command number of this command)180 108 Q F1(\\$)144 120 Q F0
+(if the ef)180 120 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a).15 E
+F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 132 Q/F3 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0
+(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 132 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E
+F1(\\\\)144 144 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 144 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 156 Q
+F0(be)180 156 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \
could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F
-(control sequence into the prompt)180 144 Q F1(\\])144 156 Q F0
-(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 156 Q .12
-(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 172.8 R
+(control sequence into the prompt)180 168 Q F1(\\])144 180 Q F0
+(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 180 Q .12
+(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 196.8 R
.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\
on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\
-story \214le \(see)108 184.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.085 E(OR)
--.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)108 196.8 Q .541(w\), while the command numbe\
-r is the position in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.54(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108
-208.8 R .546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546
+story \214le \(see)108 208.8 R F2(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0
+(belo)108 220.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\
+ the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54
+(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 232.8 R
+.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546
(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F
-.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 220.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
+.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 244.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
-.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1
(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852
-F(description of the)108 232.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E
-F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)
--.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 249.6 Q F0 .15
+F(description of the)108 256.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E
+F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)
+-.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 273.6 Q F0 .15
(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)
-108 261.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1
-(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 273.6 R
+108 285.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1
+(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 297.6 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F
-.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208
(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F1<ad65>3.708 E F0 1.208
(option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G
-3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 285.6 Q .851
+3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 309.6 Q .851
(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F
3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852
-(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 297.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
+(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 321.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the)
-3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0
.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E
-(\(see)108 309.6 Q F3 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS)
+(\(see)108 333.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS)
-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of)
-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763
(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E
-(emacs)108 321.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1
-(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 338.4 Q
+(emacs)108 345.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1
+(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 362.4 Q
F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k)
-108 350.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
-2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A
-1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 362.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,)
--.65 E F2(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255)
--.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153
-(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 374.4 S .831
-(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65
-(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F2(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F2(x)3.331 E F0
+108 374.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
+2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A
+1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 386.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,)
+-.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255)
+-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153
+(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 398.4 S .831
+(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65
+(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F3(x)3.331 E F0
3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83
-(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83
-(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 386.4 R F2 .599(meta pr)3.099 F
-(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F2
-(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099
+(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83
+(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 410.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F
+(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3
+(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099
(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6
-(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 398.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
-(hile pressing the).15 E F2(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\))
-.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 415.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119
-(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F2(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G
+(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 422.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
+(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\))
+.65 E .62(Readline commands may be gi)108 439.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119
+(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G
.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E
-(ho)108 427.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti)
+(ho)108 451.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti)
.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619
(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne)
.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619
-(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 439.2 R 1.018
+(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 463.2 R 1.018
(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C
1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018
-(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 451.2 Q
+(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 475.2 Q
(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo)
--.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 468 R F2
+-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 492 R F3
(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811
(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812
-(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F2
-(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 480 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F
-.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F2
+(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F3
+(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 504 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F
+.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3
.029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H
.029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,)
--.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 492 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567
+-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 516 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567
(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567
(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.)
-108 504 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 520.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\
-tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 532.8
-R F2(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091
-(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 544.8 R .196(en from the v)
--.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F3(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G
+108 528 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 544.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\
+tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 556.8
+R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .091
+(name of this \214le)2.591 F .196(is tak)108 568.8 R .196(en from the v)
+-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G
2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196
-(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F2(~/.inputr)2.696
+(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.696
E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .197(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\
es the readline library starts up, the initialization \214le is read, a\
-nd the k)108 556.8 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25
-(va)108 568.8 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe)
+nd the k)108 580.8 R 1.334 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25
+(va)108 592.8 S 1.149(riables are set.).25 F 1.149(There are only a fe)
6.149 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15
(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.15 E .737
-(lines are ignored.)108 580.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737
+(lines are ignored.)108 604.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737
(ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737
(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .736
-(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 592.8 R
+(indicate conditional)3.236 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 616.8 R
(lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E
-(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 609.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F
--.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F2(inputr)
+(ariable settings.)-.25 E .986(The def)108 633.6 R .986(ault k)-.1 F
+-.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr)
3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987
-(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 621.6 Q
-(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 638.4 S 2.5(re).15 G
-(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 655.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25
-G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 667.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144
-679.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 691.2
-Q F2(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G
-(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F2
-(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.261(The follo)
-108 708 R 1.261(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F2
--.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F2(ESC)
-3.761 E F0(,).72 E F2(LFD)3.761 E F0(,).28 E F2(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73
-E F2(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F2(RETURN)108 720 Q F0(,)1.1 E F2(SPC)2.5 E
-F0(,).72 E F2(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F2
--.5(TA)2.5 G(B).5 E F0(.).27 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175
-E(37)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 645.6 Q
+(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 662.4 S 2.5(re).15 G
+(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 679.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25
+G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 691.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144
+703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 715.2
+Q F3(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E 2.5(eM)-.1 G
+(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F3
+(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)-.37 E F0(.).68 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .209
-(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 84 R .209(ws k)-.25 F
--.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G 2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.261(The follo)
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+(NEWLINE)3.76 E F0(,).73 E F1(RET)3.76 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 96 Q
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--.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(macr)2.5 E(o)
--.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 112.8 Q(ey Bindings)
--.25 E F0 .366(The syntax for controlling k)108 124.8 R .666 -.15(ey b)
--.1 H .366(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0 .366
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(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366(All that is required is the name of the)
-5.366 F .263(command or the te)108 136.8 R .264(xt of a macro and a k)
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--.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 213.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
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-(In the abo)108 254.4 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)
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(backward\255kill\255w)2.758 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.758(,a)C(nd)-2.758 E F1
(C\255o)2.598 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.938 F .259
(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108
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-(into the line\).)2.5 E .056(In the second form,)108 295.2 R F2("k)2.556
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(ve i)-.15 H 2.555(nt).15 G .055(hat strings)-2.555 F 1.284
-(denoting an entire k)108 307.2 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\
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-(Some)6.284 E .386(GNU Emacs style k)108 319.2 R .686 -.15(ey e)-.1 H
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+ be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F
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-(are not recognized.)108 331.2 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 355.2 Q -.15(ve)
--.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E
-("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 367.2 Q
-("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 379.2 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .314
-(In this e)108 396 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag)
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+("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 396 Q
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+(In this e)108 424.8 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.654 E F0 .314(is ag)
3.064 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F2(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1
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-.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(ESC [ 1 1 ~)
-3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3(Function Key 1)
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-424.8 Q F2<5c43ad>144 436.8 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 436.8 Q F2<5c4dad>
-144 448.8 Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 448.8 Q F2(\\e)144 460.8 Q F0
-(an escape character)180 460.8 Q F2(\\\\)144 472.8 Q F0(backslash)180
-472.8 Q F2(\\")144 484.8 Q F0(literal ")180 484.8 Q F2<5c08>144 496.8 Q
-F0(literal \010)180 496.8 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\
-equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 513.6 Q -.25(va)-.2
-G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 525.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 525.6 Q F2(\\b)
-144 537.6 Q F0(backspace)180 537.6 Q F2(\\d)144 549.6 Q F0(delete)180
-549.6 Q F2(\\f)144 561.6 Q F0(form feed)180 561.6 Q F2(\\n)144 573.6 Q
-F0(ne)180 573.6 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 585.6 Q F0(carriage return)180
-585.6 Q F2(\\t)144 597.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 597.6 Q F2(\\v)144
-609.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 609.6 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 621.6 Q F1
-(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 621.6 Q
+.315(is bound to the func-)3.545 F(tion)108 436.8 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G
+<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1
+(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3
+(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A
+(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 453.6 Q F2
+<5c43ad>144 465.6 Q F0(control pre\214x)180 465.6 Q F2<5c4dad>144 477.6
+Q F0(meta pre\214x)180 477.6 Q F2(\\e)144 489.6 Q F0
+(an escape character)180 489.6 Q F2(\\\\)144 501.6 Q F0(backslash)180
+501.6 Q F2(\\")144 513.6 Q F0(literal ")180 513.6 Q F2<5c08>144 525.6 Q
+F0(literal \010)180 525.6 Q(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape s\
+equences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)108 542.4 Q -.25(va)-.2
+G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 554.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 554.4 Q F2(\\b)
+144 566.4 Q F0(backspace)180 566.4 Q F2(\\d)144 578.4 Q F0(delete)180
+578.4 Q F2(\\f)144 590.4 Q F0(form feed)180 590.4 Q F2(\\n)144 602.4 Q
+F0(ne)180 602.4 Q(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 614.4 Q F0(carriage return)180
+614.4 Q F2(\\t)144 626.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180 626.4 Q F2(\\v)144
+638.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 638.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\)144 650.4 Q F1
+(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 650.4 Q
(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0
-(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 633.6 Q F1(HH)A F0
-(the eight-bit character whose v)180 633.6 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E
+(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F2(\\x)144 662.4 Q F1(HH)A F0
+(the eight-bit character whose v)180 662.4 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E
(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142(When entering the te)108
-650.4 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\
-dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 662.4 R .089
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+dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 691.2 R .089
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--.15 G(are e)108 674.4 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5
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(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F2(bind)2.929 E F0
--.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
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-SF(Readline V)87 84 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 96 R
-.043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F
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+(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6f>2.546
+E F0 .046(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046
+(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 96 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
+(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1
+(Readline V)87 112.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 124.8
+R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F
(vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043
-(riable may be set in the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inpu-)2.553 E
-(tr)108 108 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1
-(set)144 124.8 Q F2(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79
-(Except where noted, readline v)108 141.6 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F
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+(Except where noted, readline v)108 170.4 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F
3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1
(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).)
-.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 153.6 R .448
+.05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 182.4 R .448
(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)
-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448
-(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 165.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467
+(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 194.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467
(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On)
2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25
F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468
(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108
-177.6 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 194.4 Q F0 .011
-(Controls what happens when readline w)144 206.4 R .011
+206.4 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 223.2 Q F0 .011
+(Controls what happens when readline w)144 235.2 R .011
(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51
E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94
-(rings the bell.)144 218.4 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0
+(rings the bell.)144 247.2 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0
3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va)
-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A
-(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 230.4 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.)
--2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 242.4 Q F0 .056
-(If set to)144 254.4 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\
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+(If set to)144 283.2 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\
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-(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 266.4 Q -.15
+(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 295.2 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va)
--.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 278.4 Q(en \(Off\))
--.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 290.4 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21
+-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 307.2 Q(en \(Off\))
+-.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 319.2 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21
(eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21
(he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F
-(parenthesis is inserted.)144 302.4 Q F1(color)108 314.4 Q
+(parenthesis is inserted.)144 331.2 Q F1(color)108 343.2 Q
(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to)
-144 326.4 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\
+144 355.2 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\
eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F
-2.935(completions using a dif)144 338.4 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F
+2.935(completions using a dif)144 367.2 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F
7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936
-(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 350.4 Q
-F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 362.4 Q
-(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 374.4 R F1(On)4.08 E
+(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 379.2 Q
+F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 391.2 Q
+(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 403.2 R F1(On)4.08 E
F0 4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08
F 1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144
-386.4 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E
+415.2 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E
(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E
-(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 398.4 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63
-E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 410.4 R F1
+(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 427.2 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63
+E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 439.2 R F1
(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 422.4 Q F1
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(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0
(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(-1\))108
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-matches when performing completion.)144 446.4 R .193(The v)144 458.4 R
+463.2 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possible \
+matches when performing completion.)144 475.2 R .193(The v)144 487.2 R
.193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \
screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F
-(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 470.4 Q(The def)5 E
-(ault v)-.1 E(alue is -1.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 482.4 Q
-(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 494.4 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5
+(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 499.2 Q(The def)5 E
+(ault v)-.1 E(alue is -1.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 511.2 Q
+(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 523.2 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5
(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\
insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1
-(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 506.4 Q F0 .094(If set to)144
-518.4 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)
+(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 535.2 Q F0 .094(If set to)144
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-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25
-H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 542.4 Q
+H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 571.2 Q
(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\
ers of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that is di\
-splayed)144 554.4 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 566.4 R 1.275
+splayed)144 583.2 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 595.2 R 1.275
(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)
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+-.25 F 1.274(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 607.2 S(lue are rep\
laced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1
-(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 590.4 Q F0 .529
-(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 602.4 R .53
+(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 619.2 Q F0 .529
+(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 631.2 R .53
(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the)
-144 614.4 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)
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3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56
(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144
-626.4 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\
-qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 638.4 S .237
+655.2 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\
+qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 667.2 S .237
(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)
-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G
-.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 650.4 Q F1(con)108
-662.4 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 674.4
+.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 679.2 Q F1(con)108
+691.2 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 703.2
R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4
G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913
-.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541
(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef)
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-F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 698.4 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2
-(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f)
+144 715.2 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F3 .541(meta pr)3.041
+F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 727.2 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F3
+(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F3(Of)2.5 E(f)
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@@ -5066,7 +5074,7 @@ Q .602(es and backslash escape sequences is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 3.101
(ilable. Use).25 F .601(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)3.101 F .601
(gin and end)-.15 F .019(sequences of non-printing characters, which ca\
n be used to embed a terminal control sequence into)144 720 R
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@@ -5172,7 +5180,7 @@ F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \
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1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 720 Q
(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E
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@@ -5270,7 +5278,7 @@ F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E -.15(xe)
.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 727.2 Q
(There are tw)5 E 2.5(os)-.1 G(earch modes:)-2.5 E F2(incr)2.51 E
(emental)-.37 E F0(and)3.01 E F2(non-incr)2.5 E(emental)-.37 E F0(.).51
-E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(42)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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@@ -5366,7 +5374,7 @@ S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144
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.699(the line is a modi\214ed history line, then)3.199 F
(restore the history line to its original state.)144 724.8 Q
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@@ -5463,7 +5471,7 @@ H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G
(Perform alias e)144 684 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 696 Q
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@@ -5568,7 +5576,7 @@ F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F4 -.37(re)
(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0
.957(replace the character)3.457 F(before point with a space.)144 724.8
Q(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q
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@@ -5657,7 +5665,7 @@ E F0 .778(This is another w)144 652.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F
(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 724.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5
E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 4.4)
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@@ -5754,7 +5762,7 @@ E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 408 Q F0
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(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72
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@@ -5851,8 +5859,8 @@ ing stray characters into the editing b)144 657.6 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E
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-.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 729.6 R F1
(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832
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@@ -5968,7 +5976,7 @@ F1<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321
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(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 724.8 Q
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@@ -6103,8 +6111,8 @@ E -.15(Fo)108 660 S 2.637(ri).15 G .137
E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(_completion_loader\(\))108 688.8 Q({)108 700.8 Q 6
(.")144 712.8 S
(/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124)-6 E(})108
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@@ -6249,7 +6257,7 @@ F3(!)3.51 E F0 .177(by def)3.51 F 2.677(ault. Only)-.1 F .177
(xpansion character)-.15 F 2.678(,b)-.4 G .178(ut the his-)-2.878 F .67
(tory e)108 729.6 R .67(xpansion character is also treated as quoted if\
it immediately precedes the closing double quote in a)-.15 F
-(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(51)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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@@ -6362,7 +6370,7 @@ F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815
(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108 710.4 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)
-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E
(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E
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@@ -6503,7 +6511,7 @@ F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 721.2 R 1.314
(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314
(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q
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@@ -6615,7 +6623,7 @@ E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 679.2 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\
number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are e)2.955 F 2.714
(xited. The)-.15 F .214(return v)2.714 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144
691.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E
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@@ -6756,7 +6764,7 @@ em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144
(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 715.2 Q
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G
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@@ -6847,7 +6855,7 @@ Q F1<ad41>144 588 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 600 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0
Q F0(Command names.)224 684 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 696 Q(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 708 Q
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@@ -6937,7 +6945,7 @@ F1<ad58>144 612 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 624 Q F0 .456
1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 700.8 Q F0
(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
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@@ -7080,7 +7088,7 @@ R(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>
E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F2(name)2.835 E F0 .335
(local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335
(command, unless the)2.835 F F1<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E
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@@ -7192,7 +7200,7 @@ F0(ne)180 667.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 679.2 Q F0
(carriage return)180 679.2 Q F2(\\t)144 691.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180
691.2 Q F2(\\v)144 703.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 703.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2
(\\\\)144 715.2 Q F0(backslash)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q
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@@ -7332,7 +7340,7 @@ F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
144 724.8 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15
F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05
(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .611 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72
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@@ -7461,7 +7469,7 @@ F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4
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1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F3(?).833 E F0 3.742
(\)i).833 G 3.742(sp)-3.742 G 1.242(laced in)-3.742 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72
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@@ -7576,7 +7584,8 @@ ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 631.2 Q F3
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-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145
(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history)
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(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144 710.4 Q F0(Be)180 710.4 Q
(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)
-.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)
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@@ -7832,7 +7841,8 @@ E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format)
F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033
(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si)
.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,)
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(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003
(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 727.2
R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc)
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3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An)
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@@ -8206,7 +8216,7 @@ F0 2.5(option. This)224 606 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf)
H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 714 Q
(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)
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@@ -8303,7 +8313,7 @@ F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
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(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
.15 F(tor)184 714 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A
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@@ -8422,7 +8432,7 @@ F1(cdable_v)144 694.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 706.8 R .156
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
(name of a v)184 718.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q
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4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F
2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\
-enames when these)184 720 R(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E
-(70)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+enames when these)184 720 R(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895
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(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0
2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q
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696 R .677(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)3.177 E .677
(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F F0(abo)3.177 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E
(are enabled.)184 708 Q(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E
-(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(72)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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722.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52
(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02
-F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(73)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+F(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(73)192.055 E 0 Cg EP
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BP
@@ -8990,7 +9000,7 @@ F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F1<ad61>
(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
144 722.4 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0
1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F(GNU Bash 4.4)
-72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(74)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(74)192.055 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 75 75
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F(remo)144 703.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)
-148.175 E(75)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)
+142.895 E(75)192.055 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 76 76
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
@@ -9214,7 +9224,7 @@ E(wned to e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the script.).15 E F5(SEE ALSO)72
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(art 2: Shell and Utilities)-.8 E F0 2.5(,I)C(EEE --)-2.5 E
(http://pubs.opengroup.or)144 698.4 Q(g/onlinepubs/9699919799/)-.18 E
-(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 May 29)148.175 E(76)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(76)192.055 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 77 77
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
@@ -9285,7 +9295,7 @@ G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.)
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(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 703.2 Q(Array v)108 720 Q
(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72
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+768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895 E(77)192.055 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 78 78
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-(78)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.4)72 768 Q(2016 August 21)142.895
+E(78)192.055 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
diff --git a/doc/bashref.aux b/doc/bashref.aux
index d08aafb..91429f5 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.aux
+++ b/doc/bashref.aux
@@ -207,9 +207,9 @@
@xrdef{Arrays-pg}{90}
@xrdef{The Directory Stack-title}{The Directory Stack}
@xrdef{The Directory Stack-snt}{Section@tie 6.8}
-@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{91}
@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-title}{Directory Stack Builtins}
@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 6.8.1}
+@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{92}
@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{92}
@xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-title}{Controlling the Prompt}
@xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-snt}{Section@tie 6.9}
diff --git a/doc/bashref.cp b/doc/bashref.cp
index 521152c..6bddaea 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.cp
+++ b/doc/bashref.cp
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
\entry{arithmetic evaluation}{88}{arithmetic evaluation}
\entry{alias expansion}{89}{alias expansion}
\entry{arrays}{90}{arrays}
-\entry{directory stack}{91}{directory stack}
+\entry{directory stack}{92}{directory stack}
\entry{prompting}{93}{prompting}
\entry{restricted shell}{94}{restricted shell}
\entry{POSIX Mode}{95}{POSIX Mode}
diff --git a/doc/bashref.cps b/doc/bashref.cps
index 2cffc17..25421fd 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.cps
+++ b/doc/bashref.cps
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
\entry {control operator}{3}
\entry {coprocess}{15}
\initial {D}
-\entry {directory stack}{91}
+\entry {directory stack}{92}
\initial {E}
\entry {editing command lines}{104}
\entry {environment}{38}
diff --git a/doc/bashref.dvi b/doc/bashref.dvi
index 22e915c..413eb36 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.dvi
+++ b/doc/bashref.dvi
Binary files differ
diff --git a/doc/bashref.html b/doc/bashref.html
index 92fbc2e..c9a60ae 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.html
+++ b/doc/bashref.html
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!-- This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.4, 29 May 2016).
+the Bash shell (version 4.4, 21 August 2016).
-This is Edition 4.4, last updated 29 May 2016,
+This is Edition 4.4, last updated 21 August 2016,
of The GNU Bash Reference Manual,
for Bash, Version 4.4.
@@ -284,10 +284,10 @@ Next: <a href="#Introduction" accesskey="n" rel="next">Introduction</a>, Previou
<h1 class="top">Bash Features</h1>
<p>This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.4, 29 May 2016).
+the Bash shell (version 4.4, 21 August 2016).
The Bash home page is <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a>.
</p>
-<p>This is Edition 4.4, last updated 29 May 2016,
+<p>This is Edition 4.4, last updated 21 August 2016,
of <cite>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</cite>,
for <code>Bash</code>, Version 4.4.
</p>
@@ -7902,6 +7902,11 @@ and the <code>test</code> and <code>[</code> builtin commands.
<p>Expressions may be unary or binary.
Unary expressions are often used to examine the status of a file.
There are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.
+Bash handles several filenames specially when they are used in
+expressions.
+If the operating system on which Bash is running provides these
+special files, Bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them
+internally with this behavior:
If the <var>file</var> argument to one of the primaries is of the form
<samp>/dev/fd/<var>N</var></samp>, then file descriptor <var>N</var> is checked.
If the <var>file</var> argument to one of the primaries is one of
diff --git a/doc/bashref.info b/doc/bashref.info
index e80a713..b9ac5da 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.info
+++ b/doc/bashref.info
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.1 from
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 4.4, 29 May 2016).
+Bash shell (version 4.4, 21 August 2016).
- This is Edition 4.4, last updated 29 May 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.4, last updated 21 August 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4.
Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ Bash Features
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 4.4, 29 May 2016). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 4.4, 21 August 2016). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 4.4, last updated 29 May 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.4, last updated 21 August 2016, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 4.4.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
@@ -5749,11 +5749,14 @@ Conditional expressions are used by the '[[' compound command and the
Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary expressions are often used
to examine the status of a file. There are string operators and numeric
-comparison operators as well. If the FILE argument to one of the
-primaries is of the form '/dev/fd/N', then file descriptor N is checked.
-If the FILE argument to one of the primaries is one of '/dev/stdin',
-'/dev/stdout', or '/dev/stderr', file descriptor 0, 1, or 2,
-respectively, is checked.
+comparison operators as well. Bash handles several filenames specially
+when they are used in expressions. If the operating system on which
+Bash is running provides these special files, Bash will use them;
+otherwise it will emulate them internally with this behavior: If the
+FILE argument to one of the primaries is of the form '/dev/fd/N', then
+file descriptor N is checked. If the FILE argument to one of the
+primaries is one of '/dev/stdin', '/dev/stdout', or '/dev/stderr', file
+descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
When used with '[[', the '<' and '>' operators sort lexicographically
using the current locale. The 'test' command uses ASCII ordering.
@@ -11337,134 +11340,134 @@ D.5 Concept Index

Tag Table:
-Node: Top887
-Node: Introduction2797
-Node: What is Bash?3013
-Node: What is a shell?4127
-Node: Definitions6665
-Node: Basic Shell Features9616
-Node: Shell Syntax10835
-Node: Shell Operation11861
-Node: Quoting13154
-Node: Escape Character14454
-Node: Single Quotes14939
-Node: Double Quotes15287
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting16565
-Node: Locale Translation17818
-Node: Comments18714
-Node: Shell Commands19332
-Node: Simple Commands20204
-Node: Pipelines20835
-Node: Lists23578
-Node: Compound Commands25307
-Node: Looping Constructs26310
-Node: Conditional Constructs28773
-Node: Command Grouping39695
-Node: Coprocesses41174
-Node: GNU Parallel43006
-Node: Shell Functions46979
-Node: Shell Parameters52185
-Node: Positional Parameters56598
-Node: Special Parameters57498
-Node: Shell Expansions60835
-Node: Brace Expansion62772
-Node: Tilde Expansion65553
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion67901
-Node: Command Substitution82033
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion83388
-Node: Process Substitution84320
-Node: Word Splitting85440
-Node: Filename Expansion87384
-Node: Pattern Matching89668
-Node: Quote Removal93366
-Node: Redirections93661
-Node: Executing Commands103081
-Node: Simple Command Expansion103751
-Node: Command Search and Execution105681
-Node: Command Execution Environment108017
-Node: Environment111001
-Node: Exit Status112660
-Node: Signals114330
-Node: Shell Scripts116297
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands118812
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins120846
-Node: Bash Builtins141446
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior170091
-Node: The Set Builtin170436
-Node: The Shopt Builtin180849
-Node: Special Builtins196648
-Node: Shell Variables197627
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables198064
-Node: Bash Variables200095
-Node: Bash Features228475
-Node: Invoking Bash229374
-Node: Bash Startup Files235323
-Node: Interactive Shells240426
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?240836
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?241485
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior242300
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245675
-Node: Shell Arithmetic249676
-Node: Aliases252493
-Node: Arrays255041
-Node: The Directory Stack260125
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins260909
-Node: Controlling the Prompt263877
-Node: The Restricted Shell266623
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode268448
-Node: Job Control278501
-Node: Job Control Basics278961
-Node: Job Control Builtins283680
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-Node: Programmable Completion353952
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins361413
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example371299
-Node: Using History Interactively376551
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-Node: Bash History Builtins380236
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-Node: Event Designators387197
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-Node: Modifiers390053
-Node: Installing Bash391455
-Node: Basic Installation392592
-Node: Compilers and Options395283
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures396024
-Node: Installation Names397687
-Node: Specifying the System Type398505
-Node: Sharing Defaults399221
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-Node: Optional Features400852
-Node: Reporting Bugs411109
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell412303
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License429155
-Node: Indexes454332
-Node: Builtin Index454786
-Node: Reserved Word Index461613
-Node: Variable Index464061
-Node: Function Index479520
-Node: Concept Index492677
+Node: Top893
+Node: Introduction2809
+Node: What is Bash?3025
+Node: What is a shell?4139
+Node: Definitions6677
+Node: Basic Shell Features9628
+Node: Shell Syntax10847
+Node: Shell Operation11873
+Node: Quoting13166
+Node: Escape Character14466
+Node: Single Quotes14951
+Node: Double Quotes15299
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting16577
+Node: Locale Translation17830
+Node: Comments18726
+Node: Shell Commands19344
+Node: Simple Commands20216
+Node: Pipelines20847
+Node: Lists23590
+Node: Compound Commands25319
+Node: Looping Constructs26322
+Node: Conditional Constructs28785
+Node: Command Grouping39707
+Node: Coprocesses41186
+Node: GNU Parallel43018
+Node: Shell Functions46991
+Node: Shell Parameters52197
+Node: Positional Parameters56610
+Node: Special Parameters57510
+Node: Shell Expansions60847
+Node: Brace Expansion62784
+Node: Tilde Expansion65565
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion67913
+Node: Command Substitution82045
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion83400
+Node: Process Substitution84332
+Node: Word Splitting85452
+Node: Filename Expansion87396
+Node: Pattern Matching89680
+Node: Quote Removal93378
+Node: Redirections93673
+Node: Executing Commands103093
+Node: Simple Command Expansion103763
+Node: Command Search and Execution105693
+Node: Command Execution Environment108029
+Node: Environment111013
+Node: Exit Status112672
+Node: Signals114342
+Node: Shell Scripts116309
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands118824
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins120858
+Node: Bash Builtins141458
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior170103
+Node: The Set Builtin170448
+Node: The Shopt Builtin180861
+Node: Special Builtins196660
+Node: Shell Variables197639
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables198076
+Node: Bash Variables200107
+Node: Bash Features228487
+Node: Invoking Bash229386
+Node: Bash Startup Files235335
+Node: Interactive Shells240438
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?240848
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?241497
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior242312
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions245687
+Node: Shell Arithmetic249927
+Node: Aliases252744
+Node: Arrays255292
+Node: The Directory Stack260376
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins261160
+Node: Controlling the Prompt264128
+Node: The Restricted Shell266874
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode268699
+Node: Job Control278752
+Node: Job Control Basics279212
+Node: Job Control Builtins283931
+Node: Job Control Variables288461
+Node: Command Line Editing289617
+Node: Introduction and Notation291288
+Node: Readline Interaction292911
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials294102
+Node: Readline Movement Commands295885
+Node: Readline Killing Commands296845
+Node: Readline Arguments298763
+Node: Searching299807
+Node: Readline Init File301993
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax303140
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs323327
+Node: Sample Init File325852
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+Node: Commands For Moving330173
+Node: Commands For History331316
+Node: Commands For Text335605
+Node: Commands For Killing338994
+Node: Numeric Arguments341475
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+Node: Keyboard Macros346805
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+Node: Programmable Completion354203
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins361664
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example371550
+Node: Using History Interactively376802
+Node: Bash History Facilities377486
+Node: Bash History Builtins380487
+Node: History Interaction384484
+Node: Event Designators387448
+Node: Word Designators388667
+Node: Modifiers390304
+Node: Installing Bash391706
+Node: Basic Installation392843
+Node: Compilers and Options395534
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures396275
+Node: Installation Names397938
+Node: Specifying the System Type398756
+Node: Sharing Defaults399472
+Node: Operation Controls400145
+Node: Optional Features401103
+Node: Reporting Bugs411360
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell412554
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License429406
+Node: Indexes454583
+Node: Builtin Index455037
+Node: Reserved Word Index461864
+Node: Variable Index464312
+Node: Function Index479771
+Node: Concept Index492928

End Tag Table
diff --git a/doc/bashref.log b/doc/bashref.log
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-Ft(-P)e Fu(option.)154 2629 y(46.)61 b(When)35 b(listing)g(the)g
+Ft(-P)e Fu(option.)154 3296 y(46.)61 b(When)35 b(listing)g(the)g
(history)-8 b(,)36 b(the)f Ft(fc)g Fu(builtin)f(do)s(es)g(not)h
-(include)g(an)f(indication)i(of)f(whether)f(or)330 2739
+(include)g(an)f(indication)i(of)f(whether)f(or)330 3406
y(not)d(a)f(history)h(en)m(try)f(has)g(b)s(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed.)154
-2866 y(47.)61 b(The)30 b(default)g(editor)h(used)f(b)m(y)g
-Ft(fc)g Fu(is)g Ft(ed)p Fu(.)154 2992 y(48.)61 b(The)37
+3541 y(47.)61 b(The)30 b(default)g(editor)h(used)f(b)m(y)g
+Ft(fc)g Fu(is)g Ft(ed)p Fu(.)154 3677 y(48.)61 b(The)37
b Ft(type)g Fu(and)g Ft(command)f Fu(builtins)i(will)g(not)g(rep)s(ort)
f(a)i(non-executable)g(\014le)f(as)g(ha)m(ving)h(b)s(een)330
-3102 y(found,)26 b(though)h(the)g(shell)g(will)g(attempt)h(to)g
+3786 y(found,)26 b(though)h(the)g(shell)g(will)g(attempt)h(to)g
(execute)g(suc)m(h)f(a)g(\014le)g(if)g(it)g(is)g(the)g(only)g(so-named)
-g(\014le)330 3212 y(found)i(in)h Ft($PATH)p Fu(.)154
-3339 y(49.)61 b(The)33 b Ft(vi)f Fu(editing)i(mo)s(de)f(will)g(in)m(v)m
+g(\014le)330 3896 y(found)i(in)h Ft($PATH)p Fu(.)154
+4031 y(49.)61 b(The)33 b Ft(vi)f Fu(editing)i(mo)s(de)f(will)g(in)m(v)m
(ok)m(e)i(the)e Ft(vi)g Fu(editor)h(directly)f(when)f(the)i(`)p
-Ft(v)p Fu(')f(command)g(is)g(run,)330 3448 y(instead)e(of)f(c)m(hec)m
-(king)i Ft($VISUAL)d Fu(and)g Ft($EDITOR)p Fu(.)154 3575
+Ft(v)p Fu(')f(command)g(is)g(run,)330 4141 y(instead)e(of)f(c)m(hec)m
+(king)i Ft($VISUAL)d Fu(and)g Ft($EDITOR)p Fu(.)154 4276
y(50.)61 b(When)41 b(the)g Ft(xpg_echo)e Fu(option)i(is)g(enabled,)j
(Bash)d(do)s(es)g(not)g(attempt)h(to)g(in)m(terpret)f(an)m(y)h(ar-)330
-3685 y(gumen)m(ts)35 b(to)g Ft(echo)e Fu(as)i(options.)54
+4386 y(gumen)m(ts)35 b(to)g Ft(echo)e Fu(as)i(options.)54
b(Eac)m(h)35 b(argumen)m(t)g(is)f(displa)m(y)m(ed,)j(after)e(escap)s(e)
-g(c)m(haracters)h(are)330 3794 y(con)m(v)m(erted.)154
-3921 y(51.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(ulimit)f Fu(builtin)g(uses)h(a)h(blo)s(c)m
+g(c)m(haracters)h(are)330 4495 y(con)m(v)m(erted.)154
+4631 y(51.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(ulimit)f Fu(builtin)g(uses)h(a)h(blo)s(c)m
(k)g(size)g(of)g(512)g(b)m(ytes)g(for)f(the)h Ft(-c)f
-Fu(and)g Ft(-f)f Fu(options.)154 4048 y(52.)61 b(The)39
+Fu(and)g Ft(-f)f Fu(options.)154 4766 y(52.)61 b(The)39
b(arriv)-5 b(al)41 b(of)f Ft(SIGCHLD)e Fu(when)h(a)h(trap)g(is)g(set)h
(on)f Ft(SIGCHLD)e Fu(do)s(es)h(not)h(in)m(terrupt)g(the)g
-Ft(wait)330 4158 y Fu(builtin)c(and)h(cause)g(it)h(to)f(return)f
+Ft(wait)330 4876 y Fu(builtin)c(and)h(cause)g(it)h(to)f(return)f
(immediately)-8 b(.)62 b(The)37 b(trap)f(command)h(is)g(run)e(once)j
-(for)f(eac)m(h)330 4267 y(c)m(hild)31 b(that)g(exits.)154
-4394 y(53.)61 b(The)27 b Ft(read)f Fu(builtin)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(in)m
+(for)f(eac)m(h)330 4985 y(c)m(hild)31 b(that)g(exits.)154
+5121 y(53.)61 b(The)27 b Ft(read)f Fu(builtin)g(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)e(in)m
(terrupted)h(b)m(y)g(a)h(signal)f(for)g(whic)m(h)g(a)h(trap)f(has)g(b)s
-(een)f(set.)40 b(If)27 b(Bash)330 4504 y(receiv)m(es)41
+(een)f(set.)40 b(If)27 b(Bash)330 5230 y(receiv)m(es)41
b(a)f(trapp)s(ed)e(signal)i(while)f(executing)h Ft(read)p
Fu(,)h(the)e(trap)h(handler)e(executes)i(and)f Ft(read)330
-4613 y Fu(returns)29 b(an)h(exit)i(status)e(greater)i(than)e(128.)154
-4740 y(54.)61 b(Bash)27 b(remo)m(v)m(es)h(an)e(exited)i(bac)m(kground)e
-(pro)s(cess's)h(status)g(from)f(the)h(list)g(of)g(suc)m(h)f(statuses)h
-(after)330 4850 y(the)k Ft(wait)e Fu(builtin)h(is)g(used)g(to)h(obtain)
-g(it.)275 4994 y(There)j(is)g(other)h Fm(posix)f Fu(b)s(eha)m(vior)h
-(that)g(Bash)g(do)s(es)f(not)h(implemen)m(t)g(b)m(y)g(default)f(ev)m
-(en)i(when)d(in)150 5103 y Fm(posix)d Fu(mo)s(de.)40
-b(Sp)s(eci\014cally:)199 5230 y(1.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(fc)f
-Fu(builtin)h(c)m(hec)m(ks)i Ft($EDITOR)c Fu(as)j(a)f(program)g(to)h
-(edit)g(history)f(en)m(tries)h(if)f Ft(FCEDIT)f Fu(is)h(unset,)330
-5340 y(rather)g(than)g(defaulting)h(directly)g(to)g Ft(ed)p
-Fu(.)40 b Ft(fc)30 b Fu(uses)g Ft(ed)g Fu(if)g Ft(EDITOR)f
-Fu(is)h(unset.)p eop end
+5340 y Fu(returns)29 b(an)h(exit)i(status)e(greater)i(than)e(128.)p
+eop end
%%Page: 98 104
TeXDict begin 98 103 bop 150 -116 a Fu(Chapter)30 b(6:)41
-b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(98)199 299 y(2.)61
+b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(98)154 299 y(54.)61
+b(Bash)27 b(remo)m(v)m(es)h(an)e(exited)i(bac)m(kground)e(pro)s(cess's)
+h(status)g(from)f(the)h(list)g(of)g(suc)m(h)f(statuses)h(after)330
+408 y(the)k Ft(wait)e Fu(builtin)h(is)g(used)g(to)h(obtain)g(it.)275
+568 y(There)j(is)g(other)h Fm(posix)f Fu(b)s(eha)m(vior)h(that)g(Bash)g
+(do)s(es)f(not)h(implemen)m(t)g(b)m(y)g(default)f(ev)m(en)i(when)d(in)
+150 677 y Fm(posix)d Fu(mo)s(de.)40 b(Sp)s(eci\014cally:)199
+812 y(1.)61 b(The)30 b Ft(fc)f Fu(builtin)h(c)m(hec)m(ks)i
+Ft($EDITOR)c Fu(as)j(a)f(program)g(to)h(edit)g(history)f(en)m(tries)h
+(if)f Ft(FCEDIT)f Fu(is)h(unset,)330 922 y(rather)g(than)g(defaulting)h
+(directly)g(to)g Ft(ed)p Fu(.)40 b Ft(fc)30 b Fu(uses)g
+Ft(ed)g Fu(if)g Ft(EDITOR)f Fu(is)h(unset.)199 1056 y(2.)61
b(As)29 b(noted)g(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e,)i(Bash)e(requires)g(the)g
Ft(xpg_echo)e Fu(option)j(to)g(b)s(e)e(enabled)h(for)g(the)g
-Ft(echo)f Fu(builtin)330 408 y(to)j(b)s(e)f(fully)g(conforman)m(t.)275
-568 y(Bash)c(can)g(b)s(e)f(con\014gured)h(to)g(b)s(e)g
+Ft(echo)f Fu(builtin)330 1166 y(to)j(b)s(e)f(fully)g(conforman)m(t.)275
+1325 y(Bash)c(can)g(b)s(e)f(con\014gured)h(to)g(b)s(e)g
Fm(posix)p Fu(-conforman)m(t)g(b)m(y)g(default,)h(b)m(y)f(sp)s
-(ecifying)g(the)g Ft(--enable-)150 677 y(strict-posix-default)c
+(ecifying)g(the)g Ft(--enable-)150 1435 y(strict-posix-default)c
Fu(to)27 b Ft(configure)e Fu(when)h(building)h(\(see)h(Section)g(10.8)g
-([Optional)g(F)-8 b(eatures],)150 787 y(page)31 b(143\).)p
+([Optional)g(F)-8 b(eatures],)150 1544 y(page)31 b(143\).)p
eop end
%%Page: 99 105
TeXDict begin 99 104 bop 3659 -116 a Fu(99)150 299 y
@@ -18458,7 +18463,7 @@ b(It)27 b(is)h(normally)g(disabled)630 628 y(b)m(y)i(default.)150
(for)h(a)g Ft(csh)p Fu(-lik)m(e)h(directory)f(stac)m(k)i(and)d(the)i
Ft(pushd)p Fu(,)f Ft(popd)p Fu(,)g(and)f Ft(dirs)630
993 y Fu(builtins)d(\(see)h(Section)g(6.8)h([The)e(Directory)i(Stac)m
-(k],)g(page)f(91\).)150 1139 y Ft(--enable-disabled-builti)o(ns)630
+(k],)g(page)f(92\).)150 1139 y Ft(--enable-disabled-builti)o(ns)630
1249 y Fu(Allo)m(w)40 b(builtin)e(commands)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(in)m(v)m(ok)m
(ed)i(via)f(`)p Ft(builtin)29 b(xxx)p Fu(')37 b(ev)m(en)j(after)f
Ft(xxx)e Fu(has)630 1358 y(b)s(een)31 b(disabled)g(using)g(`)p
@@ -19009,7 +19014,7 @@ b Fu(Bash)34 b(implemen)m(ts)h(a)g Ft(csh)p Fu(-lik)m(e)g(directory)f
(stac)m(k,)j(and)d(pro)m(vides)g(the)g Ft(pushd)p Fu(,)g
Ft(popd)p Fu(,)g(and)g Ft(dirs)330 2030 y Fu(builtins)g(to)i
(manipulate)f(it)h(\(see)f(Section)h(6.8)g([The)f(Directory)h(Stac)m
-(k],)i(page)d(91\).)56 b(Bash)35 b(also)330 2140 y(mak)m(es)c(the)g
+(k],)i(page)d(92\).)56 b(Bash)35 b(also)330 2140 y(mak)m(es)c(the)g
(directory)g(stac)m(k)g(visible)g(as)g(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)31
b(of)g(the)f Ft(DIRSTACK)f Fu(shell)h(v)-5 b(ariable.)225
2272 y Fq(\017)60 b Fu(Bash)28 b(in)m(terprets)h(sp)s(ecial)g(bac)m
@@ -20811,7 +20816,7 @@ f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)32 b
Fb(15)146 2416 y Fs(D)150 2537 y Fb(directory)26 b(stac)n(k)11
b Fc(:)i(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26
-b Fb(91)146 2833 y Fs(E)150 2957 y Fb(editing)g(command)g(lines)17
+b Fb(92)146 2833 y Fs(E)150 2957 y Fb(editing)g(command)g(lines)17
b Fc(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)32 b Fb(104)150 3046 y(en)n(vironmen)n(t)18
b Fc(:)12 b(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
diff --git a/doc/bashref.texi b/doc/bashref.texi
index b950daa..63adaf8 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.texi
+++ b/doc/bashref.texi
@@ -1703,6 +1703,10 @@ This is performed at the
same time as tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and
command substitution.
+After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the
+original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves
+(@var{quote removal}).
+
Only brace expansion, word splitting, and filename expansion
can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions
expand a single word to a single word.
diff --git a/doc/bashref.toc b/doc/bashref.toc
index ddcc5d4..339ee62 100644
--- a/doc/bashref.toc
+++ b/doc/bashref.toc
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
@numsecentry{Shell Arithmetic}{6.5}{Shell Arithmetic}{88}
@numsecentry{Aliases}{6.6}{Aliases}{89}
@numsecentry{Arrays}{6.7}{Arrays}{90}
-@numsecentry{The Directory Stack}{6.8}{The Directory Stack}{91}
+@numsecentry{The Directory Stack}{6.8}{The Directory Stack}{92}
@numsubsecentry{Directory Stack Builtins}{6.8.1}{Directory Stack Builtins}{92}
@numsecentry{Controlling the Prompt}{6.9}{Controlling the Prompt}{93}
@numsecentry{The Restricted Shell}{6.10}{The Restricted Shell}{94}
diff --git a/doc/builtins.ps b/doc/builtins.ps
index 6105c53..391e4b6 100644
--- a/doc/builtins.ps
+++ b/doc/builtins.ps
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.22.3
-%%CreationDate: Thu Jul 14 11:47:50 2016
+%%CreationDate: Mon Aug 22 09:44:00 2016
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
diff --git a/doc/rbash.ps b/doc/rbash.ps
index e75bea8..f6f34ff 100644
--- a/doc/rbash.ps
+++ b/doc/rbash.ps
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.22.3
-%%CreationDate: Thu Jul 14 11:47:50 2016
+%%CreationDate: Mon Aug 22 09:44:00 2016
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3
diff --git a/doc/version.texi b/doc/version.texi
index 18d229f..cde7a3b 100644
--- a/doc/version.texi
+++ b/doc/version.texi
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
Copyright (C) 1988-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Sun Aug 21 14:48:56 EDT 2016
+@set LASTCHANGE Fri Aug 26 09:44:56 EDT 2016
@set EDITION 4.4
@set VERSION 4.4
-@set UPDATED 21 August 2016
+@set UPDATED 26 August 2016
@set UPDATED-MONTH August 2016
diff --git a/execute_cmd.c b/execute_cmd.c
index b01b270..2a3df6d 100644
--- a/execute_cmd.c
+++ b/execute_cmd.c
@@ -4722,11 +4722,11 @@ execute_function (var, words, flags, fds_to_close, async, subshell)
#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
fa = (struct func_array_state *)xmalloc (sizeof (struct func_array_state));
- fa->source_a = bash_source_a;
+ fa->source_a = (ARRAY *)bash_source_a;
fa->source_v = bash_source_v;
- fa->lineno_a = bash_lineno_a;
+ fa->lineno_a = (ARRAY *)bash_lineno_a;
fa->lineno_v = bash_lineno_v;
- fa->funcname_a = funcname_a;
+ fa->funcname_a = (ARRAY *)funcname_a;
fa->funcname_v = funcname_v;
if (subshell == 0)
add_unwind_protect (restore_funcarray_state, fa);
diff --git a/jobs.c b/jobs.c
index 1d8405d..cef3c79 100644
--- a/jobs.c
+++ b/jobs.c
@@ -75,6 +75,10 @@
#include "builtins/builtext.h"
#include "builtins/common.h"
+#if defined (READLINE)
+# include <readline/readline.h>
+#endif
+
#if !defined (errno)
extern int errno;
#endif /* !errno */
@@ -2834,6 +2838,11 @@ if (job == NO_JOB)
get_new_window_size (0, (int *)0, (int *)0);
}
else
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ /* We don't want to do this if we are running a process during
+ programmable completion. */
+ if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_COMPLETING) == 0)
+#endif
get_tty_state ();
/* If job control is enabled, the job was started with job
diff --git a/lib/readline/input.c b/lib/readline/input.c
index 84faf5a..ce86853 100644
--- a/lib/readline/input.c
+++ b/lib/readline/input.c
@@ -567,10 +567,18 @@ handle_error:
if (errno != EINTR)
return (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_READCMD) ? READERR : EOF);
/* fatal signals of interest */
+#if defined (SIGHUP)
else if (_rl_caught_signal == SIGHUP || _rl_caught_signal == SIGTERM)
+#else
+ else if (_rl_caught_signal == SIGTERM)
+#endif
return (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_READCMD) ? READERR : EOF);
/* keyboard-generated signals of interest */
+#if defined (SIGQUIT)
else if (_rl_caught_signal == SIGINT || _rl_caught_signal == SIGQUIT)
+#else
+ else if (_rl_caught_signal == SIGINT)
+#endif
RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
/* non-keyboard-generated signals of interest */
else if (_rl_caught_signal == SIGWINCH)
diff --git a/lib/readline/signals.c b/lib/readline/signals.c
index 0b8dda4..927f532 100644
--- a/lib/readline/signals.c
+++ b/lib/readline/signals.c
@@ -235,7 +235,9 @@ _rl_handle_signal (sig)
case SIGTTOU:
#endif /* SIGTSTP */
case SIGTERM:
+#if defined (SIGHUP)
case SIGHUP:
+#endif
#if defined (SIGALRM)
case SIGALRM:
#endif
@@ -415,7 +417,9 @@ rl_set_signals ()
sigaddset (&bset, SIGINT);
sigaddset (&bset, SIGTERM);
+#if defined (SIGHUP)
sigaddset (&bset, SIGHUP);
+#endif
#if defined (SIGQUIT)
sigaddset (&bset, SIGQUIT);
#endif
@@ -444,7 +448,9 @@ rl_set_signals ()
rl_maybe_set_sighandler (SIGINT, rl_signal_handler, &old_int);
rl_maybe_set_sighandler (SIGTERM, rl_signal_handler, &old_term);
+#if defined (SIGHUP)
rl_maybe_set_sighandler (SIGHUP, rl_signal_handler, &old_hup);
+#endif
#if defined (SIGQUIT)
rl_maybe_set_sighandler (SIGQUIT, rl_signal_handler, &old_quit);
#endif
@@ -509,7 +515,9 @@ rl_clear_signals ()
overhead */
rl_maybe_restore_sighandler (SIGINT, &old_int);
rl_maybe_restore_sighandler (SIGTERM, &old_term);
+#if defined (SIGHUP)
rl_maybe_restore_sighandler (SIGHUP, &old_hup);
+#endif
#if defined (SIGQUIT)
rl_maybe_restore_sighandler (SIGQUIT, &old_quit);
#endif
diff --git a/lib/sh/mktime.c b/lib/sh/mktime.c
index 48a7e94..b2b0d3f 100644
--- a/lib/sh/mktime.c
+++ b/lib/sh/mktime.c
@@ -75,12 +75,27 @@
#define INT_MAX (~0 - INT_MIN)
#endif
+/* True if the arithmetic type T is signed. */
+#define TYPE_SIGNED(t) (! ((t) 0 < (t) -1))
+
+/* The maximum and minimum values for the integer type T. These
+ macros have undefined behavior if T is signed and has padding bits.
+ If this is a problem for you, please let us know how to fix it for
+ your host. */
+#define TYPE_MINIMUM(t) \
+ ((t) (! TYPE_SIGNED (t) \
+ ? (t) 0 \
+ : ~ TYPE_MAXIMUM (t)))
+#define TYPE_MAXIMUM(t) \
+ ((t) (! TYPE_SIGNED (t) \
+ ? (t) -1 \
+ : ((((t) 1 << (sizeof (t) * CHAR_BIT - 2)) - 1) * 2 + 1)))
+
#ifndef TIME_T_MIN
-#define TIME_T_MIN (0 < (time_t) -1 ? (time_t) 0 \
- : ~ (time_t) 0 << (sizeof (time_t) * CHAR_BIT - 1))
+# define TIME_T_MIN TYPE_MINIMUM (time_t)
#endif
#ifndef TIME_T_MAX
-#define TIME_T_MAX (~ (time_t) 0 - TIME_T_MIN)
+# define TIME_T_MAX TYPE_MAXIMUM (time_t)
#endif
#define TM_YEAR_BASE 1900
diff --git a/subst.c b/subst.c
index 45bfd7f..1c65917 100644
--- a/subst.c
+++ b/subst.c
@@ -2254,7 +2254,10 @@ split_at_delims (string, slen, delims, sentinel, flags, nwp, cwp)
for (i = 0; member (string[i], d) && spctabnl (string[i]); i++)
;
if (string[i] == '\0')
- return (ret);
+ {
+ FREE (d2);
+ return (ret);
+ }
ts = i;
nw = 0;
@@ -4443,14 +4446,36 @@ match_upattern (string, pat, mtype, sp, ep)
len = STRLEN (pat);
if (pat[0] != '*' || (pat[0] == '*' && pat[1] == LPAREN && extended_glob) || pat[len - 1] != '*')
{
+ int unescaped_backslash;
+ char *pp;
+
p = npat = (char *)xmalloc (len + 3);
p1 = pat;
if (*p1 != '*' || (*p1 == '*' && p1[1] == LPAREN && extended_glob))
*p++ = '*';
while (*p1)
*p++ = *p1++;
- if (p1[-1] != '*' || p[-2] == '\\')
+#if 1
+ /* Need to also handle a pattern that ends with an unescaped backslash.
+ For right now, we ignore it because the pattern matching code will
+ fail the match anyway */
+ /* If the pattern ends with a `*' we leave it alone if it's preceded by
+ an even number of backslashes, but if it's escaped by a backslash
+ we need to add another `*'. */
+ if (p1[-1] == '*' && (unescaped_backslash = p1[-2] == '\\'))
+ {
+ pp = p1 - 3;
+ while (pp >= pat && *pp-- == '\\')
+ unescaped_backslash = 1 - unescaped_backslash;
+ if (unescaped_backslash)
+ *p++ = '*';
+ }
+ else if (p1[-1] != '*')
+ *p++ = '*';
+#else
+ if (p1[-1] != '*' || p1[-2] == '\\')
*p++ = '*';
+#endif
*p = '\0';
}
else
@@ -4584,14 +4609,31 @@ match_wpattern (wstring, indices, wstrlen, wpat, mtype, sp, ep)
len = wcslen (wpat);
if (wpat[0] != L'*' || (wpat[0] == L'*' && wpat[1] == WLPAREN && extended_glob) || wpat[len - 1] != L'*')
{
+ int unescaped_backslash;
+ wchar_t *wpp;
+
wp = nwpat = (wchar_t *)xmalloc ((len + 3) * sizeof (wchar_t));
wp1 = wpat;
if (*wp1 != L'*' || (*wp1 == '*' && wp1[1] == WLPAREN && extended_glob))
*wp++ = L'*';
while (*wp1 != L'\0')
*wp++ = *wp1++;
+#if 1
+ /* See comments above in match_upattern. */
+ if (wp1[-1] == L'*' && (unescaped_backslash = wp1[-2] == L'\\'))
+ {
+ wpp = wp1 - 3;
+ while (wpp >= wpat && *wpp-- == L'\\')
+ unescaped_backslash = 1 - unescaped_backslash;
+ if (unescaped_backslash)
+ *wp++ = L'*';
+ }
+ else if (wp1[-1] != L'*')
+ *wp++ = L'*';
+#else
if (wp1[-1] != L'*' || wp1[-2] == L'\\')
*wp++ = L'*';
+#endif
*wp = '\0';
}
else
@@ -7399,6 +7441,7 @@ pat_subst (string, pat, rep, mflags)
mstr[x] = s[x];
mstr[mlen] = '\0';
rstr = strcreplace (rep, '&', mstr, 0);
+ free (mstr);
rslen = strlen (rstr);
}
else
diff --git a/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST b/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST
index a5ab273..d29259a 100755
--- a/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST
+++ b/tests/RUN-ONE-TEST
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/bash/bash-current
+BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/chet/bash/bash-current
THIS_SH=$BUILD_DIR/bash
PATH=$PATH:$BUILD_DIR
diff --git a/tests/getopts5.sub b/tests/getopts5.sub
index c6e3888..30614ef 100644
--- a/tests/getopts5.sub
+++ b/tests/getopts5.sub
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#!/local/bin/bash
#Time-stamp: <95/06/07 07:40:40 hrue@imf.unit.no>
getop () {
diff --git a/xmalloc.c b/xmalloc.c
index 2344d2d..b32c068 100644
--- a/xmalloc.c
+++ b/xmalloc.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
/* xmalloc.c -- safe versions of malloc and realloc */
-/* Copyright (C) 1991-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1991-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the GNU Bourne Again SHell.
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ static size_t allocated;
/* */
/* **************************************************************** */
-#if defined (HAVE_SBRK)
+#if defined (HAVE_SBRK) && defined (USING_BASH_MALLOC)
#define FINDBRK() \
do { \
if (brkfound == 0) \
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ allocerr (func, bytes)
const char *func;
size_t bytes;
{
-#if defined (HAVE_SBRK)
+#if defined (HAVE_SBRK) && defined (USING_BASH_MALLOC)
allocated = findbrk ();
fatal_error (_("%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"), func, (unsigned long)bytes, (unsigned long)allocated);
#else